PLANT DISEASES AND MANAGEMENT PARADIGM

By
MUHAMMAD EHETISHAM-UL-HAQ
Instructor (Plant Protection),
In-Service Agricultural Training Institute, Sargodha.

What is a Disease ?

Dis- ease
Dynamic Process
Continuous Irritation
May or may not develop Symptoms

Two Types
Pathological
Non Pathological

Plant Pathology ?
Greek words

(Pathos = Disease, logos = to study)

Symptomology
Etiology
Epidemiology
Management

Why Plant Pathology Needed ?

Irish Famine (1845-46)
Bengal Famine (1943)
Loss of 220 billion dollar every year

33%

39%

28%

Diseases

Insects

Weeds

PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPALS

Exclusion
Avoidance
Eradication
Protection
Resistant Varieties
Therapy of disease plant

EXCLUSION

Preventing inoculum from entering and establishing in an area where it is

not.
Quarantine
Seed certification.

AVOIDANCE
Selection of a suitable geographical area or field
Choosing suitable sowing time.
Use of disease escaping varieties.
Disease free seed
Cultural practices modifications

Eradication
Crop Rotation
Sanitation
Eradication of diseased plant
Eradication of alternate host
Biological control
Heat treatment
Soil treatment

PROTECTION
Stitch in time saves the nine.
Protectant
Eradicant
DISEASE RESISTANCE
Genetic resistance
Systemic Acquired Resistance
Cross protection
Should disease resistant varieties be used?

Therapy
Chemotherapy
Heat Therapy
Through Plant extracts
Through Homeopathic

Is chemotherapy a right choice?

Well known and effective
Right chemical for right disease.
Standard Dosage
consuming 8,138 million rupees annually for importing pesticides,
about 80 to 90% on cotton crop
A serious threat to humans and biotic environment.
Modern chemistry of chemicals

PLANT EXTRACTS
Environment friendly
Economical in use and effective.
Preparation and dosage?
Sensible selection of plants
Research Needed.

0.8
0.7

Azadirachta indica
Datura metal
Calotropis gigantea

Inhibition
(cm)
0.6 Zone
Control
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

Effect of plant extracts against bacterial seed and boll rot colony growth

Homeopathic Treatment
Homeopathy is eco-friendly and highly systemic in reaction
No residual effects on environment.
In humans, philosophy of homeopathy is well understood but in plants it is at initial
stages.
Much work has been carried out against pest controlling and plant diseases recently

Despite having inhibitory effects against plant pathogens, it also assists plant growth
maintenance

low cast, easy to use with high dilutions having no toxic effects on environment as
compared to chemicals.

0.7

Influenzium
Aviara
0.6
Hepatitis
Control
0.5
Inhibition zones (cm)
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0

Effect of homeopathic products against bacterial seed and boll rot colony growth

Streptomycin sulphate (1000ppm)

Datura metel (10%)

Aviara (15%)

54

52.58

52

Disease
50 severity (%)

49.22
47.57

48
45.81
46
44
42
Streptomycin sulphate

Datura

Treatments

Aviara

Control

THANK YOU