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Theory
The CPT ignores shear deformation
reasonable results for thin laminates.
effects
and
provides
Theoretical formulation
Kinematics
The displacement field of the existing FSDT is given by
(1)
(2)
Only four
unknowns
(u,v,w
,w
The nonzero strains associated with the displacement
field inbEq.
(2)s)are
(3)
Since the laminate is made of several orthotropic layers with their material axes oriented
arbitrarily with respect to the laminate coordinates, the constitutive equations of each layer must
be transformed to the laminate coordinates (x,y,z). The stressstrain relations in the laminate
coordinates of thekth layer are given as
where
(4)
Equations of motion
Hamiltons principle is used herein to derive equations of motion. The principle can be stated in
an analytical form as
whereU,V, andKare the variations of strain energy, work done, and kinetic energy,
respectively. The variation of strain energy is calculated by
where
Substituting Eq. (3) into Eq. (4) and the subsequent results into Eq. (5),
the stress resultants are obtained in terms of displacements (u,v,wb,ws)
as
whereis the shear correction factor and (Aij,Bij,Dij) are the stiffness coefficients defined
by
V=-Aq(wb+ws)dA
The variation of kinetic energy can be written as
where dot-superscript convention indicates
the differentiation with respect to the time
variablet;is the mass density; and (I0,I2)
are mass inertias defined by
u:Nxnx+Nxyny
ws:Qxnx+Qyny
where
v:Nxynx+Nyny
withnxandnybeing the direction cosines of the unit normal to the boundary of the middle plane.
Clearly, when the shear deformation effects are neglected (ws=0), the present theory recovers
the CPT.
The above boundary conditions can be rewritten in an explicit form as:
Clamped edge
finite elements based on the present theory require a continuous element with four
degrees of freedom per node (u,v,wb,ws)