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PVT
PVT - Scope
PVT Analysis
Reservoir calculations
Surface facilities
PVT Analysis
PVT Analysis
Dry gas:
Wet gas:
Oil system:
PVT Analysis
Gas condensate:
Sampling
Sub-Surface Sampling
Surface Sampling
Vertical and
Horizontal
Separators
Wellhead sampling
Phase Behaviour.
Fluids uniquely
described by phase
diagram.
Within the phase
diagram system is
two phase.
Whereas outside the
phase envelope
single phase
Single phase
Two phase
Phase Behaviour.
Sampling Wet
Gas and Gas
Condensate
Potential locations
Reservoirs
for reservoir
sampling
For.
2.Bottom-hole
3.Well Head
4. Separator
Against
1. Ideal
1. Impossible
2. 1-phase
3. Cost
3. 2-phase ? Representative ?,
Sampling Details
Cylinder identification
GOR in separator
PVT Tests
The reservoir calculations are the main driving force for the various tests.
Over recent years reservoir simulation capability has generated the need
to extend compositional description from C7+ to in some cases C29+.
PVT report provides source of all reservoir engineering properties for
behaviour over exploration, development and production
Separator tests.
Viscosity measurements.
Compositional measurements.
The gas remains in equilibrium with the oil through out the test.
The behaviour below the bubble point does not reflect reservoir
behaviour, where gas has greater mobility than the oil.
This test determines the Bubble Point pressure corresponding
to the reservoir temperature.
Flash Vaporisation
(Relative Volume ) Test
Flash Vaporisation
(Relative Volume ) Test
Thermal expansion,
V2 V1
V2 T2 T1
V1 volume at T1 , V2 volume at T2
V2 V1
c
V2 P1 P2
V2 =volume at pressure P2
V1 =volume at pressure P1
Main objectives:
Reservoir bubble point
pressure.
Together with
information from separator
tests, formation volume
factor above bubble point.
Differential Vaporisation
Differential Vaporisation
Differential Vaporisation
Differential Vaporisation
Differential Vaporisation
Separator Tests
Separator Tests
PVT Cell pressure kept at
bubble point
Separator Tests
PVT Cell pressure kept at
bubble point
Separator Tests
PVT Cell pressure kept at
bubble point
Separator Tests
PVT Cell pressure kept at
bubble point
Separator Tests
PVT Cell pressure kept at
bubble point
V res
Viscosity
Hydrocarbon analysis
Wax
Crystallization
Different tests used:
Temperature
Core Laboratories
Wax
Crystallization
Temperature
Core Laboratories
Compressibility coefficient.
Liquid density
gd e2 L V
l
gd e2 L V
l
For very low IFT size of tube too small to suspend drop.
Retrograde Condensation
Gas Condensate
Gas
Density cell
Stirrer
High pressure
sampling
Hg
Condensate
Hg
Gas
Density cell
High pressure
sampling
Hg
Hg
Interface
Condensate
Vapour
1 cm
Liquid
Rising film
thickness
Vapour
1 cm
Liquid
Very thin meniscus
height
Example
PVT
report.
Separator Test
Separator
Test
Separator Test
READ THE FOOTNOTES
Relative
Volume Test Flash
Vaporisation
Test
P
Pb
Vsat
From separator
test
1
1
o
vo v ob v rel
o
1
1
vo v ob v rel
1 v
Co
v p T
1 v
Co
v p T
1
Co
vavg
p T
volume factor, Bt
Of little
significance, but
sometimes used in
MB based
calculations
Bo
BT
Total Formation
Volume
If we multiply
Bob x vrel.Below
we get BBubble
t over the total
Point
pressure range above and below the bubble
point pressure.
We need to complete
GOR values below the
bubble point.
The GOR is made up of
two elements,
Differential in the
reservoir.
Flash in the wells and to
surface.
Differential liberation
Flash liberation
R s diff
R s diff
ft 3
Differential test
Separator test
ft 3
bbl residual oil
ft 3
bbl residual oil bbl bubble point oil bbl bubble point oil
ft 3
bbl bubble point oil
ft 3
ft 3
R s flash
bbl stock tank oil
R s R si R s flash
Bob
Vb / Vresid
bbl Residual oil bbl Bubble point oil bbl Bubble point oil
Bo
V
Bob
Vresid . Vb / Vresid
Bo
bbl Bubble point oil bbl Stock Tank oil bbl Stock Tank oil
Bob
V
Bo
Vresid . Vb / Vresid
Viscosity Data
Viscosity
Gas
Condensate
PVT Report
Gas
Condensate
PVT Report