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INTESTINAL
Ceferino
Gutierrez
Rebolledo
04/04/13
DEFINICIN
La obstruccin u oclusin intestinal, consiste en
la detencin completa y persistente de
contenido intestinal en algn punto a lo largo
del tubo digestivo.
ETIOLOGA
Existen dos entidades clnicas distintas.
O'Daly BJ, Ridgway PF, Keenan N, et al. Detected peritoneal fluid in small bowel obstruction is associate
d with the need for surgical intervention. Can J Surg 2009; 52:201
.n
O'Daly BJ, Ridgway PF, Keenan N, et al. Detected peritoneal fluid in small bowel obstruction is associate
d with the need for surgical intervention. Can J Surg 2009; 52:201.
O'Daly BJ, Ridgway PF, Keenan N, et al. Detected peritoneal fluid in small bowel obstruction is associate
d with the need for surgical intervention. Can J Surg 2009; 52:201.
ILEO MECNICO
Extraluminal
Parietal.
Intraluminal
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
EXTRALUMINAL
Adherencias
postquirrgicas
(Causa ms
frecuente 35-40%)
Torsiones
Vlvulos
Invaginaciones
Hernias
Efecto masa
(inguinales,
extraluminal
crurales,
(tumoracin, masa
umbilicales,
inflamatoria abceso).
laparotmicas,
etc.)
Markogiannakis
H, Messaris E, Dardamanis
D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
PARIETAL
Neoplasias
Alteraciones congnitas (atresias, estenosis,
duplicaciones, etc.)
Procesos inflamatorios (Crohn, postradiacin, etc.)
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
INTRALUMINAL
Ileo biliar
Cuerpo extrao
Tricobezoar
(pacientes
psiquiatricos)
Impactacin fecal
Tumoraciones
Parasitosis
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
ILEO PARALTICO
Adinmico.
Espstico
Vascular
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
ADINMICO.
Postquirrgico
Peritonitis
Compromiso
medular
Hiperuricemia
Hipokaliemia
Bloqueantes
ganglionares
Isquemia
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
ESPSTICO
.
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
VASCULAR
Embolia arterial
Trombo venoso
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
FISIOPATOLOGA
MANIFSTACIONES
CLNICAS
DOLOR ABDOMINAL
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
Insidioso o brusco
Intenso si existe compromiso vascular
Mesogastrio
Disminuye a medida que progresa la
distensin AUSENTE
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
VOMITOS
Presentes desde el comienzo (ALTA)
Biliogstrico o alimenticio
INTESTINO GRUESO: Aparecen ms tarde o son
ausentes (fecaloides)
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
AUSENCIA DE VENTOSEO Y
DEPOSICION
Signo de obstruccin completa
Mecnica: Emisiones aisladas de diarrea
Incompleta o pseudoobtruccin: Diarrea
frecuente
Estrangulacin o Isquemia en asas: Heces
con sangre
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
EXPLORACIN FSICA
Estado general
Hidratacin
Fiebre
Alteracin del pulso y T.A.
Actitud del paciente
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
DIAGNSTICO Y
TRATAMIENTO
DIAGNSTICO
Cuadro clnico
Exploracin fsica:
Inspeccin
Palpacin
Auscultacin
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
INSPECCION:
Cicatrices de Cx previas
Hernias
Distensin abdominal
Diferencia entre
distensin y ascitis
(Onda liquida y matidez)
AUSCULTACION:
Frecuencia y ritmo de
peristalsis
En un comienzo
Peristalsis aumentada
Ruidos hidroareos (ID)
Borborigmo (IG)
Silencio abdominal
(Fases avenzadas)
PERCUSION:
Timpanismo (Gas)
Matidez (Liquido)
Dolorosa (afeccin de
asas y peritoneo)
PALPACION:
Comenzar de las zonas +
distales del dolor
Abdomen en madera
Rebote (+)
Defensa muscular (Peritonitis
o estrangulacin)
TACTO RECTAL:
Tumores
Fecaloma o restos hemticos
Fondo de saco doloroso
(Peritoneo)
DIAGNSTICO
Biometra hemtica
Qumica sangunea
Gasometra arterial
TC
Radiografia abdominal
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
TRATAMIENTO
Ayuno
Reposicin de lquidos y electrolitos
Colocacin de sonda nasogstrica
Control de diuresis (min. .5 1.0 cc/kg/hr)
Gentamicina (5mg / kg/ IV/24 horas) + Metronidazol (500 mg
IV/ 8 horas)
Metronidazol (dosis descritas) + Cefotaxima (1 gr i.v /8 horas)
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.
TRATAMIENTO
Debe hacerse valoracin continuada del paciente
y si el cuadro no se resuelve en 48-72 horas, o
existe un empeoramiento clnico, analtico o
radiolgico, est indicada la ciruga urgente.
Markogiannakis H, Messaris E, Dardamanis D, et al. Acute mechanical bowel obstruction: clinical presenta
tion, etiology, management and outcome. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:432.