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CONTENTS
Introduction
Scope of the project
Essentials of the project
Experimental set-up
Specimen specifications
Experimental procedure
Equations used
Photographic views
Results & discussions
Specific Energy absorption capacities
Applications
Future applications
References
INTRODUCTION
The project is about studying how a tubes behaves
when it is acted upon by crushing/compressive loads
& also to determine the energy absorption capacities
of the tubes under study.
EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP
SPECIMEN SPECIFICATIONS
We have confined our studies to Aluminium of
different thickness in the form of hollow circular tubes
with the following dimensions.
Diameter (d)
: 50mm
Length to diameter ratio (l/d) : 3
Radius to thickness ratio (r/t) : 10
Determination of material
properties:
Hardness test :
The Vickers hardnesstesting machine was used
to determine the hardness
of the specimens.
Hardness is defined as a
measure of material
resistance to localized
plastic deformation .
Procedure :
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
The specimen was placed b/w jaws of the UTM and data (diameter,
length, thickness, type of loading,material) were input to the
computer which is associated with the UTM.
Photographic views
RESULTS &
DISCUSSIONS
8
6
2
7
5
1
2
EQUATIONS USED
1
y *VHN
3
Yield stress
Energy absorbed
1 3
2 2
EA k y D t L
EnergyAbso rbed
EA
SEA
Mass
DLt
Aluminum
Specimen
Code
Dimensions
mm
Mean Energy
load absorbed
KJ
KN
Do
AL-01
50
2.50
150
37.80
3.64
AL-02
50
2.50
150
37.51
4.70
AL-03
50
2.50
150
AL-04
50.5
1.50
36.25
151.50 18.50
3.80
2.03
AL-05
50.5
1.50
151.50 20.20
2.25
AL-06
50.5
1.50
151.50 21.00
2.31
Table 2.0
Empty Tubes
Theoretical
experimental
AL-01
28.3
22.9
AL-02
28.2
29.6
AL-03
29.5
23.9
AL-04
13.7
12.7
AL-05
13.6
14.1
AL-06
13.5
12.4
Table 3.0
6.10
4.90
1.30
2.11
APPLICATIONS
AIRCRAFT LANDING
Advanced technology
FUTURE APPLICATIONS
Aerospace industries
Auto-mobiles
* Bikes used for sport biking (as shock absorbers)
* cars, trucks, buses, trains
References
W. Abramowicz and N. Jones (1986), Dynamic progressive buckling of circular tubes, Intl. J.
Impact Engg, 4, pp 243-270.
T. Y. Reddy (1978), Impact energy absorption using laterally compressed metal tubes,
dissertation, University of Cambridge.
Roslan Ahmad (1990) Axial Compression of Thin Metal Tubes, dissertation, University of
Manchester.
S. R. Reid, and T. Y. Reddy (1978), Effect of strain hardening on the lateral compression of
tubes between rigid plates, Intl. J. Solid Structures, 14, pp 213-225.
T. Y. Reddy and S.R Reid (1979) , On obtaining material properties from ring compression test.
Nucl. Engg Design 52, 257-263.