Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
by
J. David Robertson
University of Missouri
Properties of Waves
Properties of Waves
7.1
7.1
7.1
x=c
= c/
= 3.00x108 m/s/6.0x104 Hz
= 5.0 x 103 m
= 5.0 x 1012 nm
Radio wave
7.1
n: 1,2,3,4,5 etc.
7.1
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction: a result of interference
However, the wave nature of light couldnt
explain the photoelectric effect.
KE e-
E = h
h = KE + BE
KE = h - BE
Alkali metals works the best.
7.2
E=hx
E = h x c /
E = 6.63 x 10-34 (Js) x 3.00 x 10 8 (m/s) / 0.154 x 10-9 (m)
E = 1.29 x 10 -15 J/photon
= (1.29 x 10 -15 J/photon)(6.022 x 1023photon/mol)
= 7.77x108 J/mol = 7.77x105 kJ/mol = 777 MJ/mol
Cf. Energy
7.2
Red
Lower
Green
Blue
Higher Energy
(396)
410
434
496
.
Johann Balmer (1825-1989) solved the jigsaw puzzle
656
7.3
7.3
= 656 nm
= 486
= 434
= 410
Bohrs Model of
the Atom (1913)
1. e- can only have specific
(quantized) energy
values
2. light is emitted as emoves from one energy
level to a lower energy
level
En = -RH (
1
n2
E = h
E = h
7.3
ni = 3
ni = 3
ni = 2
nf = 2
Ephoton = E = Ef - Ei
1
Ef = -RH ( 2
nf
1
Ei = -RH ( 2
ni
1
E = RH( 2
ni
)
)
1
n2f
nnf f==11
7.3
1
n2i
1
n2f
Is this IR or UV?
7.3
Einstein:
(1905)
= h/mu
u in (m/s)
7.6
He: 668
656
486
588
502
434 410
447
7.5
n=1
n=2
n=3
7.6
7.6
n = 1, l = 0
n = 2, l = 0 or 1
n = 3, l = 0, 1, or 2
l=0
l=1
l=2
l=3
s orbital
p orbital
d orbital
f orbital
l = 0 (s orbitals)
l = 1 (p orbitals)
7.6
l = 2 (d orbitals)
7.6
ml = -1
ml = -2
ml = 0
ml = -1
ml = 0
ml = 1
ml = 1
ml = 2
7.6
ms = +
ms = -
7.6
7.6
7.6
If l = 1, then ml = -1, 0, or +1
3 orbitals
l=1
n=3
n=2
En = -RH (
1
n2
n=1
7.7
n=3 l = 2
n=3 l = 0
n=2 l = 0
n=3 l = 1
n=2 l = 1
n=1 l = 0
7.7
??
Be
Li
B5
C
3
64electrons
electrons
2 22 2 12 1
BBe
Li1s1s
1s
2s2s
2s
2p
H
He12electron
electrons
He
H 1s
1s12
7.7
Ne97
C
N
O
F
6810
electrons
electrons
electrons
2 222 5
Ne
C
N
O
F 1s
1s222s
2s2p
2p3246
7.7
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s
7.7
1s1
principal quantum
number n
angular momentum
quantum number l
Orbital diagram
H
1s1
7.8
2 + 2 + 6 + 2 = 12 electrons
Abbreviated as [Ne]3s2
[Ne] 1s22s22p6
l=1
ml = -1, 0, or +1
ms = or -
7.8
7.8
7.8
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
unpaired electrons
2p
O, S
2p
Ne, Ar
7.8