A CONTROL STRATEGY FOR THE

GRID INTERCONNECTION OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
WITH POWER QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT

GUIDED BY

PRESENTED BY

Dr Elizabeth P Cheriyan

INDULEKHA K M

Associate Professor
EED , NITC

M130086EE
POWER SYSTEMS

Mar 11, 2015

INTRODUCTION
Distributed generations are going to play a vital role in the
emerging electric power systems
Advantages
Clean energy--reduce the emission of wasted gas
Reduce the investment of electricity generation facilities with the
increase of loads
Make up the insufficiency of the peak of electricity consumption
Improve the reliability of the power supply
Improve the efficiency of energy use and reduce the transmission
loss in the grid

Mar 11, 2015

 Power electronic technology plays an important role in the

integration of renewable energy sources (RES) to the grid
Use of power electronic converters and intermittent nature of
RES cause harmonics
Use of nonlinear loads and electronic equipments leads to poor
power quality
As a solution a control strategy for the grid interfacing inverter
is proposed
Inverter is controlled to perform as multifunction device by
incorporating active power filter functionality

Mar 11, 2015

OBJECTIVES
To gain knowledge in the area of distributed generation by
giving focus on power quality issues
Develop a control strategy for the grid interfacing inverter
such that it should perform the following functions

Transfer of active power harvested from the renewable energy

sources
Load reactive power demand support
Current harmonics compensation at PCC
Current unbalance and neutral current compensation

Validate the proposed control strategy through software

simulations as well as by experimentally
Mar 11, 2015

LITERATURE REVIEW
Mukhtiar Singh, Vinod Khadikikar, Ambrish Chandra
and Rajiv K.Sharma, Grid interconnection of
renewable energy sources at the distribution level
with power quality improvement features, IEEE
Trans. Power Del.,vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 2011.
Describes a control strategy for the grid inter connection of RES
with power quality improvement features
By proper control the active power filter functionality is
incorporated within the conventional grid interfacing inverter
Hysteresis pulse width modulation is used for the switching
control of inverters
Mar 11, 2015

 Maurcio Aredes, Jurgen Hafner, and Klemens Heumann, Three-Phase Four-Wire

Shunt Active Filter Control Strategies, IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol.12, no.2, March
1997
Describes three phase four wire shunt active power filter using conventional three leg converter
Two control strategies constant source instantaneous power strategy and sinusoidal source current strategy
are discussed
U. Borup, F. Blaabjerg, and P. N. Enjeti, Sharing of nonlinear load in parallel-connected
three-phase converters, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 37, no. 6, pp.18171823, Nov./Dec.
2001.
Describes a new control concept that provides sharing of linear and nonlinear loads in parallel connected three
phase converters without mutual communication

Mar 11, 2015

 J. M. Guerrero, L. G. de Vicuna, J. Matas, M.

Castilla, and J. Miret, A wireless controller to
enhance dynamic performance of parallel
inverters in distributed generation systems, IEEE
Trans. Power Electron.,vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1205
1213, Sep. 2004.
Describes the control strategy based on droop control method
for parallel inverters of distributed generation units in an ac
distribution system
Improved transient response is achieved by introducing
power derivative integral terms to the conventional droop
method
Better controllability and proper transient performance
Mar 11, 2015

 B. Shyam, Aswathy B. Raj , Robins Anto, An

Efficient PMG based Wind Energy Conversion
System with Power Quality Improvement Features
ACEEE Int. J. on Electrical and Power
Engineering, Vol. 03, No. 01, Feb 2012.
Describes a small scale Wind Energy Conversion System
(WECS) based on Permanent Magnet Generators (PMGs) and
power electronic converters
The interfacing inverter design is explained which function as
conventional inverter as well as an active power filter by
means of hysteresis current controller

Mar 11, 2015

PROBLEM DEFINITION
Intermittent nature of RES and increased penetration of
nonlinear loads and power electronic equipments leads to
power quality issues
As a solution a new control strategy for the conventional grid
interfacing inverter
With the control the interfacing inverter along with the
linear/nonlinear unbalanced load appears as balanced to the
grid

Mar 11, 2015

METHODOLOGY
Perform a theoretical study on the area of distributed
generation by giving focus on the power quality issues
introduced at the distribution level due to the integration of
renewable energy sources.
Develop a control strategy for the conventional grid
interfacing inverter based on hysteresis control to achieve the
main objective.
Matlab modeling and simulation of the wind energy
conversion system
Perform a simulation study on the MATLAB/Simulink based
on the control strategy developed.
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 Experimental validation
A digital signal processor based scaled laboratory prototype
will be used

Mar 11, 2015

Perform a study on digital signal processors

Design of the hardware circuit
Development of algorithm for DSP processor
Hardware implementation of inverter and driver circuitry
Hardware testing and implementation

11

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Schematic of the proposed renewable based distributed generation system

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Block diagram representation of grid interfacing inverter control

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 The main aim of proposed approach is to regulate the power at PCC

during:
1) PRES= 0
2) PRES <Total load power PL
3) PRES > Total load power PL
The grid synchronizing angle obtained from phase locked loop
(PLL) is used to generate unity vectors
Ua = Sin()
Ub = Sin()
Uc = Sin(

The dc-link voltage error at the sampling instant is given as:

Vdcerr(n) = V*dc(n) Vdc(n)
The output of discrete-PI regulator at the n th sampling instant is
expressed as
Im(n) = Im(n-1) + Kp (Vdcerr(n) - Vdcerr(n-1) + KIVdcerr(n)

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 The instantaneous values of reference three phase grid currents are

computed as
Ia* = Im * Ua
Ib* = Im * Ub
Ic* = Im * Uc
In* = 0
The reference grid currents (Ia*,Ib*, Ic* and In*) are compared with
actual grid currents ( Ia,Ib,Ic and In ) to compute the current errors
as
Iaerr = Ia*-Ia
Iberr = Ib*-Ib
Icerr = Ic*-Ic
Inerr = In*-In
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WORK DONE
WIND ENERGY SYSTEM MODELING

BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 WIND MODEL
Vwind = Vbw + Vgw + Vrm + Vnm

Where,
Vbw = Base wind
Vgw = Gust wind
Vrm = Ramp wind
Vnm = Noise wind

WIND TURBINE MODEL

The power (Pt) extracted from the wind by a wind
turbine rotor can be expressed as:
Pt = 0.5CpR2v3

R is the wind turbine rotor radius in m

is the air density in kg/m 3
v is the wind speed m/s
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 The tip speed ratio can be expressed as: = R*/v

where is the angular velocity of the wind turbine rotor in
rad/s
Cp(,) = C1[ C2/ - C3* - C4] e (C5/) + C6
1/ = [1/(+0.089)]- [0.035/(2+)]

Power co-efficent Vs Tip speed ratio

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Turbine output power Vs Rotor speed

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SIMULINK model of the wind energy system

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Wind speed is taken as constant 12 m/s

PMSG Stator current waveform

PMSG line to line voltage

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Rectifier output

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Variable wind speed

Wind speed applied

PMSG Stator current waveform

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PMSG line to line voltage

Rectifier output voltage

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CONCLUSION
Wind energy conversion system modeling is done and output
waveforms are obtained with expected variations.
Control strategy for the grid interfacing inverter based on
hysteresis control is developed
WORK TO BE COMPLETED
Simulink modeling and simulation of the grid interconnection
of wind energy based on the control strategy developed

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REFERENCES

Mukhtiar Singh, Vinod Khadikikar, Ambrish Chandra and Rajiv K.Sharma, Grid
interconnection of renewable energy sources at the distribution level with power
quality improvement features, IEEE Trans. Power Del.,vol. 26, no. 1, Jan. 2011.

Maurcio Aredes, Jurgen Hafner, and Klemens Heumann, Three-Phase Four-Wire

Shunt Active Filter Control Strategies, IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol.12, no.2,
March 1997

J. M. Guerrero, L. G. de Vicuna, J. Matas, M. Castilla, and J. Miret, A wireless

controller to enhance dynamic performance of parallel inverters in distributed
generation systems, IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 12051213, Sep.
2004.

Mar 11, 2015

26

U. Borup, F. Blaabjerg, and P. N. Enjeti, Sharing of nonlinear load in

parallel-connected three-phase converters, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.
37, no. 6, pp.18171823, Nov./Dec. 2001.

P. Jintakosonwit, H. Fujita, H. Akagi, and S. Ogasawara, Implementation

and performance of cooperative control of shunt active filters for harmonic
damping throughout a power distribution system, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,
vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 556564, Mar./Apr. 2003.

http://www.nrel.gov/

Nicolae Golovanov, George Cristian Lazaroiu, Mariacristina Roscia and

Dario Zaninelli, Power Quality Assessment in Small Renewable Energy
Sources Supplying Distribution Systems, Energies 2013,6,634-645,ISSN
1996-1073.

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 B. Shyam, Aswathy B. Raj , Robins Anto, PMG Based Wind Energy

Conversion System with Closed Loop Boost Converter, Bonfring
International Journal of Power Systems and Integrated Circuits, Vol. 1,
Special Issue, December 2011
B. Shyam, Aswathy B. Raj , Robins Anto , A Novel Wind Energy
Conversion System with Power Quality Improvement Features, IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies India 2011
B. Shyam, Aswathy B. Raj , Robins Anto, An Efficient PMG based Wind
Energy Conversion System with Power Quality Improvement Features
ACEEE Int. J. on Electrical and Power Engineering, Vol. 03, No. 01, Feb
2012.
Chia-Nan Wang,Wen-Chang Lin, and Xuan-Khoa Le, Modelling of a PMSG
Wind Turbine with Autonomous Control Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Mathematical Problems in Engineering ,Volume 2014, Article ID 856173

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