Profesor Noel Ortiz

Contabilidad Bsica I
ACCO 111

Profesor Noel Ortiz Torres

Universidad del Este, Universidad Metropolitana,Universidad del Turabo

1. Definir contabilidad y describir sus

usos y usuarios.
2. Reconocer los principios de
contabilidad generalmente aceptados y
la contabilidad por acumulacin.
3. Identificar y dar ejemplos de activos,
deudas, patrimonio del dueo, ingresos y
gastos.

4. Reconocer la importancia de la tica

profesional.
5. Explicar la ecuacin bsica de
contabilidad, examinar transacciones
econmicas, analizar su efecto en la
ecuacin bsica de contabilidad y
resumir la informacin en los estados
financieros.

Sistema adaptado para clasificar

los hechos econmicos que
proporciona informacin til para
la toma de decisiones.

Identificar eventos econmicos

Reconocer reconocer, clasificar y
resumir
Comunicar Preparar reportes
financieros. (anlisis e interpretacin
de los usuarios)

Usuarios internos Los que planifican,

organizan y administran el negocio.
Mercadeo

Finanzas

Contabilidad

Administracin

Recursos
Humanos

Inversionistas
Acreedores
Departamento hacienda
Agencias acreditadoras
Clientes
Uniones obreras

Tiene como objetivo de estudio la

moral y la accin humana.
La sociedad al evolucionar y dividir el
trabajo produce diversos tipos de
profesiones, especialistas para resolver
determinados tipos de problemas de
carcter general y particular.

La profesin es la actividad personal

ejercida de manera estable y honrada
al servicio de los dems y en beneficio
propio, a impulsos de la propia
vocacin, y con la dignidad que
corresponde a la persona humana.

Como Consecuencia de los Escndalos por

malos manejos en la contabilidad de
importantes compaas El presidente George
Bush firm el da 30 de julio del 2002 una ley
que tiene establecido el propsito de
proteger a los inversores estadounidenses
proveyndolos de la exactitud y la
confiabilidad necesaria para la revelacin en
los estados financieros.

 Establecer un nuevo consejo de

vigilancia, supervisada por la SEC.
Reforzar la autoridad y funciones de la
SEC.
Definir nuevas funciones y
responsabilidades
del Comit de Auditora.
www.sec.gov

 Especificar los lmites a los servicios de

auditores externos.
Reforzar las penalidades por fraudes.
Regular el tema de conflicto de intereses.
Establecer nuevos requerimientos de
informacin a las empresas.

Estos estndares indica como reportar

los eventos econmicos.
http://www.fasab.gov/accountingstandards/authoritative-source-of-gaap/

Las transacciones
se reconocen
cuando se firma el
acuerdo, se gasta,
o se vende, no
necesariamente
cuando se recibe
o se paga el
dinero.

Security Exchange Commission

Es la agencia del gobierno de los Estados
Unidos que supervisan los mercados
financieros y los estndares de los cuerpos.
www.sec.gov

Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB)

Junta de los estndares de contabilidad en

Estados Unidos.
http://www.fasb.org/home

International Accounting Standard

Board(IASB)

Junta que varios pases han adoptado como

estndar de contabilidad.
http://www.state.gov/t/avc/isab/index.htm

Este dicta que los activos se reconocen

al costo de compra.

Supuestos de unidad monetaria

requiere que las compaas reconoce
las transacciones que son expresadas
en trminos de dinero.
Supuestos de entidad econmica requiere que las actividades de la
entidad se mantiene separado de las
actividades del dueo y de otras
entidades econmicas.

Propiedad de una sola persona

(Propietorship)
Asociacin(Partnership)
Corporacin (entidad legal)
(Corporation)

Generalmente un solo dueo.

El dueo recibe la ganancia o la
prdida.
Responsabilidad ilimitada.

Dos o mas dueos.

Responsabilidad ilimitada.
Acuerdo entre los socios.

Los dueos dividen la participacin en

acciones.
Ente a parte de los dueos.
Responsabilidad limitada.

Activos = Pasivos + Capital

Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity

Recursos que tiene una empresa para

proveer bienes o servicios futuros.

Reclamaciones con respecto a los

activos. (Deudas y obligaciones)

Reclamaciones de los dueos con

respecto a los activos
Aumenta por la inversin del los
dueos o ingresos
Disminuye por los retiros o gastos

In February 2015, Paula King invested an

additional $10,000 in her business, Kings
Pharmacy, which is organized as a proprietorship.
Kings accountant, Lance Jones, recorded this
receipt as an increase in cash and revenues. Is
this treatment appropriate? Why or why not?
Analyze the effects of business transactions on the
accounting equation.

P1-1A: Barones Repair Shop was started on May 1 by Nancy. Prepare a

tabular analysis of the following transactions for the month of May.

1. Invested $10,000 cash to start the repair shop.

Cash
1. +10,000

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital
+10,000

Investment

2. Purchased equipment for $5,000 cash.

Cash

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

1. +10,000
2.

-5,000

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital
+10,000

+5,000

Investment

3. Paid $400 cash for May office rent.

Cash

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

1. +10,000
2.

-5,000

3.

-400

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital
+10,000

Investment

+5,000
-400

Expense

4. Received $5,100 from customers for repair service.

Cash

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

1. +10,000
2.

-5,000

3.
4.

-400
+5,100

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital
+10,000

Investment

+5,000
-400
+5,100

Expense
Revenue

5. Withdrew $1,000 cash for personal use.

Cash

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

1. +10,000

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital
+10,000

Investment

2.

-5,000

+5,000

3.
4.

-400
+5,100

-400
+5,100

Expense
Revenue

5.

-1,000

-1,000

Drawings

6. Paid part-time employee salaries of $2,000.

Cash

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

1. +10,000

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital
+10,000

Investment

2.

-5,000

+5,000

3.
4.

-400
+5,100

-400
+5,100

Expense
Revenue

5.
6.

-1,000
-2,000

-1,000
-2,000

Drawings
Expense

7. Incurred $250 of advertising costs, on account.

Cash

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

1. +10,000

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital
+10,000

Investment

2.

-5,000

3.
4.

-400
+5,100

-400
+5,100

Expense
Revenue

5.
6.

-1,000
-2,000

-1,000
-2,000

Drawings
Expense

7.

+5,000

+250

-250

Expense

8. Provided $750 of repair services on account.

Cash

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

1. +10,000

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital
+10,000

Investment

2.

-5,000

3.
4.

-400
+5,100

-400
+5,100

Expense
Revenue

5.
6.

-1,000
-2,000

-1,000
-2,000

Drawings
Expense

7.
8.

+5,000

+250
+750

-250
+750

Expense
Revenue

9. Collected $120 cash for services previously billed.

Cash

Liabilities
Assets
Accounts
Accounts
+ Receivable + Equipment = Payable

Equity
Barone,
+ Capital

1. +10,000

+10,000

Investment

2.

-5,000

3.
4.

-400
+5,100

-400
+5,100

Expense
Revenue

5.
6.

-1,000
-2,000

-1,000
-2,000

Drawings
Expense

7.
8.
9.

+5,000

+250
+750
+120
6,820 +

-120
630 +

5,000 =

250 +

-250
+750
12,200

Expense
Revenue

Companies
Companiesprepare
preparefour
fourfinancial
financialstatements
statementsfrom
fromthe
thesummarized
summarized
accounting
accountingdata:
data:

Income
Statement

Owners
Equity
Statement

Balance Sheet

Statement of
Cash Flows

Estados Financieros
Income Statement
Reports the revenues and
expenses for a specific period of
time.
Net income revenues exceed
expenses.
Net loss expenses exceed
revenues.

Income Statement

Owners Equity
Statement

Net income is needed to determine

the ending balance in owners equity.

Owners Equity Statement

Statement indicates the reasons

why owners equity has increased
or decreased during the period.

Balance Sheet

Owners Equity
Statement

The ending balance in owners equity is

needed in preparing the balance sheet

Balance Sheet
Reports the assets, liabilities,
and owners equity at a specific
date.
Assets listed at the top, followed
by liabilities and owners equity.
Total assets must equal total
liabilities and owners equity.

Balance Sheet

Statement of Cash Flows

Information for a specific

period of time.
Answers the following:

1. Where did cash come

from?

2. What was cash used

for?

3. What was the change

in the cash balance?

Statement of Cash Flows

Review Question

Which of the following financial statements is

prepared as of a specific date?
a.

Balance sheet.

b.

Income statement.

c.

Owner's equity statement.

d.

Statement of cash flows.

ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING CAREER
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
OPPORTUNITIES
Public Accounting
Careers in auditing and taxation serving the general public.
Private Accounting
Careers in industry working in cost accounting, budgeting,
accounting information systems, and taxation.
Opportunities in Government
Careers with the IRS, the FBI, the SEC, and in public
colleges and universities.
Forensic Accounting
Careers with insurance companies and law offices to conduct
investigations into theft and fraud.
http://oig.federalreserve.gov/