GEARS

Hrvoje mehil
Faculty of Maritime Studies, Rijeka
January 15, 2015

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Introduction
Function of gears
Types of gears
Gear materials
Gears in Marine (ship) Engineering
Conclusion
References
Questions

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Introduction
Gears are toothed wheels whose teeth mesh (i.e. engage) with one
another with the purpose of transferring power of rotary motion
from one shaft to another.
The larger wheel of the pair is usually called the ''gear'' and the
smaller is known as the '' pinion'' .

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Function of gears
In general, the function of a gear is to transmit motion from
one rotating shaft to another.
In addition to transmitting the motion, gears are often used
to increase or reduce speed, or change the direction of
motion from one shaft to the other.

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Types of gears
Spur gears
Helical gears
Herringbone gears
Bevel gears
A worm and worm gear

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Spur gears
The simplest and the
most common type of
gear
The teeth of a spur gear
are parallel to the axis
of rotation
Spur gears are used to
transmit motion
between parallel shafts
which encompasses the
majority of applications.

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Helical gears
They can be used in the
same applications as spur
gears.
The difference is that the
teeth of a helical gear are
inclined to the axis of
rotation.
This angle provides a more
gradual engagement of the
teeth during meshing and
produces less impact and
noise.
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A worm and worm gear

A worm and worm gear are
used to transmit motion
between nonparallel and
nonintersecting shafts.
The worm has one tooth that
is formed in a spiral around a
pitch cylinder.
This one tooth is also referred
to as the thread because it
resembles a screw thread.
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Herringbone gears
Herringbone gears or
double helical gears.
The herringbone gear
appears as two oppositehand helical gears butted
against each other .

Bevel gears

They have teeth formed on a

conical surface and are used to
transmit motion between
nonparallel shafts.
Although most of their applications
involve connecting perpendicular
shafts, they can also be used in
applications that require shaft
angles that are both larger and
smaller than 90.

Gear materials
Numerous nonferrous alloys, cast irons, powdermetallurgy and plastics are used in the manufacture
of gears.
However, steels are most commonly used because of
their high strength-to-weight ratio and low cost.

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Gears in Marine (ship)

engineering
There are two main applications of gears in Marine ship
engineering
LNG ships with turbine propulsion use gears in gear reduction
box to reduce rotating speed from main turbine to propeller shaft
Ships with classic 2 stroke diesel engines use gears to
synchronise crankshaft with camshaft (valve operating gear)

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Conclusion
(so) the gears are very important moving elements
in technology which are transmitting motion from
one shaft to another.
They are used in many different ways such as to
reduce or increase speed, change direction of motion
from one shaft to anoter...
For all that purposes we distinguish a few types of
gears (bevel, herringbone, spur, helical...)
Gears also have very important role in Marine
engineering (Diesel engines and turbine propulsions)
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References
Books:
Machines and Mechanisms: Applied Kinematic
Analysis: David H. Myzska
English textbook for Marine engineers: J. Luzer and
A. Spini
Online sources:
http://
machinedesign.com/mechanical-drives/plastic-gearsmore-durable-ever-plastics-get-gear
http://
www.leander-project.homecall.co.uk/turbines.html
http://
www.marinediesels.info/2_stroke_engine_parts/cams
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haft.htm

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Questions
What is the general function of gears?
What are the most imortant types of gears?
Which is the most common material used in
gear manufacture?
Where are gears used in Marine
engineering?
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