Agricultur

e
MLS 2-B
Group 6

Agricultureis
the
cultivation
ofanimals,plants,fungi, and other life forms
forfood,fiber,biofuel,medicinaland
other
products used to sustain and enhance human life.
Agricultureincludes cultivation of crops as
tending of livestock for the purpose of production
of food and fiber for humans.

Agriculture was the key development in the rise

ofsedentaryhuman civilization, whereby farming
ofdomesticatedspecies created foodsurplusesthat
nurtured the development ofcivilization.
Literally speaking agriculture means the
production of crops and live stock on a farm.
Generally speaking, agriculture is cultivation of
crops.
In Economics, agriculture means cultivation of
crops along with animal husbandry, poultry, dairy
farming, fishing and even forestry.

Agricultural economicsoriginally applies the

principles ofeconomicsto the production
ofcropsandlivestock a discipline known as
agronomics. Agronomics was a branch of
economics that specifically dealt withland usage.
It focused on maximizing thecrop yieldwhile
maintaining a goodsoil ecosystem.

Significance of
Source of Livelihood
Agriculture
Contribution
to National
revenue
Supply of Food as well as
Fodder
Significance to the
International Trade
Marketable Surplus
Foreign Exchange Resources
Great Employment
Opportunities
Food Security

Types of Agriculture:
Industrialized & subsistence
agriculture

Industrialized Agriculture

the type of agriculture where large quantities of crops and

livestock are produced through industrialized techniques
for the purpose of sale.

The goal of industrialized agriculture is to increase crop

yield.

utilizes large machines, which are more

powerful and can work faster and harder

Chemical Fertilizers

It adds inorganic nutrients to the soil to increase

yield and plant size

 Pesticides help increase yield by killing

pests that are harming or consuming the
crops.

Monoculture
when a single crop is
planted on a large scale

more susceptible to disease and

causes a reduction in the dietary
variation of consumers.

Subsistence Agriculture

when a farmer lives on a small amount of land and produces

enough food to feed his or her household and have a small cash
crop.
The goal of subsistence agriculture is to produce enough food
to ensure the survival of the individual family.

This type of agriculture is very labor-intensive

Subsistence agriculture does not rely on chemical

fertilizers or pesticides and instead utilizes more
natural techniques

Polyculture
crops are planted in
one area

method used to get the most

crop yield out of a small area
of land.

Philippine
Regions and their
Products

Region

Products

NCR (National Capital Region)

All major industrial products

below except ship but no
agricultural and mineral
products

CAR (Cordillera Administrative

Region)

Fruits and vegetables, cut

flowers, coffee, sweet potato,
gold, copper, home-made
processed food

ARMM (Autonomous Region of

Muslim Mindanao

Seaweeds, processed fish

Region 1 (Ilocos)

Tobacco, mango, garlic, tomato,

salt, processed food

Region 2 (Cagayan Valley)

Sugar, fruits and vegetables

Region 3 (Central Luzon)

Sugar, garlic, mango, processed

food

NOTE:All regions, except Metro Manila, produce rice, corn, coconut,

banana, pineapple, fish, livestock and poultry with varying quantities.

Region

Products

Region 4-A (CALABARZON)

Sugar, lanzones, coffee, dairy

products, coconut oil

Region 4-B (MiMaRoPa)

Rice, corn

Region 5 (Bicol)

Pineapple, coconut oil, other

coconut by-products

Region 6 (Western Visayas)

Sugar, abaca

Region 7 (Central Visayas)

Ube (yam), processed foods and

beverages

Region 8 (Eastern Visayas)

Coconut oil, other coconut byproducts

Region 9 (Zamboanga Peninsula) Seaweeds, bottled sardines,

NOTE:All regions, except Metro Manila, produce rice, corn, coconut,

banana, pineapple, fish, livestock and poultry with varying quantities.

Region

Products

Region 10 (Northern Mindanao)

Fresh and canned pineapple,

cassava, cassava flour,
seaweeds

Region 11 (Davao)

Banana, coconut, durian, coffee,

cocoa, coconut oil

Region 12 (SOCKSARGEN)

Corn, fresh and canned

pineapple, papaya, asparagus

Region 13 (CARAGA)

Coffee, cocoa

NOTE:All regions, except Metro Manila, produce rice, corn, coconut,

banana, pineapple, fish, livestock and poultry with varying quantities.

Source: http://www.goodgrindingmill.com/article/25355.html

Problems on
Agriculture
Volatile

prices in agriculture
Low income of farmers
Health risks of agricultural workers
Environmental costs of intensive
farming

Problems on
Agriculture
Loss

of agricultural land
Monopsony
Government intervention in
agriculture
Fewer varieties of crops and
livestock

Top 5 Rice-Producing Regions of the Philippines: 2010 and 2011

Region

2009
Production
(MT)

Rank

2010
Production
(MT)

Rank

2011
Production
(MT)

Rank

Central Luzon

2,805,467

2,958,415

2,616,083

Western Visayas

2,205,071

1,789,693

2,245,038

Cagayan Valley

2,077,036

1,745,722

2,144,766

Ilocos Region

1,351,715

1,558,373

1,602,814

SOCCSKSARGEN

1,229,040

1,185,196

1,244,148

Source: BAS

Top 5 Corn-Producing Regions

of the Philippines: 2010-2011
Region

2009
Production
(MT)

Rank

2010
Production
(MT)

Rank

2011
Prodcution
(MT)

R
a
n
k

Cagayan Valley

1,598,198

1,263,614

1,601,6871

Northern Mindanao

1,170,624

1,153,239

1,212,2082

SOCCSKSARGEN

1,146,629

1,064,448

1,170,5543

ARMM

950,429

855,666

796,6614

Ilocos Region

351,103

358,445

387,8825

Source: BAS

2008 Top 10 World Producers of Rice Paddy

Country

2008
(in tonnes)

Rank

China

193,354,180

India

148,770,000

Indonesia

60,251,100

Bangladesh

46,742,000

Viet Nam

38,725,100

Myanmar

32,573,000

Thailand

31,650,600

Philippines

16,815,500

Brazil

12,061,500

Japan

11,028,800

10

Source: FAOSTAT | FAO Statistics Division 2011 | 05

August 2011

2008 Top 10 Importers of Rice

Milled
Country

2008
(in tonnes)

Rank

Philippines

2,500,000 *

United Arab Emirates

1,278,230

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

1,125,050 R

Saudi Arabia

926,281 R

Malaysia

883,111 *

Bangladesh

781,168 *

Iraq

694,215 R

South Africa

626,429

Cte d'Ivoire

547,909 *

United States of America

532,571

10

* = Unofficial figure
F = FAO estimate
M = Data not available

[ ] = Official data
Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology
P = Provisional official data

Source: FAOSTAT | FAO Statistics Division 2011 | 05 August 2011