Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Distant Signal
Inner Distant
Signal
Home
YY
YY
YY
G
Distant Signal
YY
Inner Distant
Signal
Home
YY
Y with Route
YY
Distant Signal
YY
Inner Distant
Signal
Home
YY
Y with Route
YY
Distant Signal
YY
Inner Distant
Signal
Home
YY
Y with Route
YY
Signalling Layouts
2 A LQ Single Line, B Class
15M
1000
M
1400
M
400 M
180M
400 M
15M
1000
M
1400
M
400 M
180M
400 M
MH
AS
15M
1000
M
1400
M
400 M
180M
400 M
MH
MS
AS
15M
1000
M
1400
M
400 M
180M
400 M
LH
LS
AS
15M
1000
M
1400
M
400 M
180M
400 M
MH
MS
AS
15M
1000
M
1400
M
400 M
400 M
180M
LH
LS
AS
UP DN
Common Loop
180M
DN Main
1400M
180M
UP Main
120M
UP Loop
Automatic Signalling
Essentials of the Automatic Block System on double line. (1) Where trains on a double line are worked on the Automatic Block System,
(a) the line shall be provided with continuous track circuiting or axle
counters
(b) the line between two adjacent block stations may, when required, be
divided into a series of automatic block signalling sections each of which
is the portion of the running line between two consecutive Stop signals,
and the entry into each of which is governed by a Stop signal, and
(c) the track circuits or axle counters shall so control the Stop signal
governing the entry into an automatic block signalling section that (i) the signal shall not assume an 'off' aspect unless the line is
clear not only upto the next Stop signal in advance but also for an
adequate distance beyond it, and
(ii ) the signal is automatically placed to 'on' as soon as it is
passed by the train.
Essentials of the Automatic Block System on single line.(1) Where trains on a single line are worked on the Automatic Block
System.(a) the line shall be provided with continuous track circuiting or axle
counters,
(b) the direction of the traffic shall be established only after Line
Clear has been obtained from the block station in advance.
(c) a train shall be started from one block station to another only after
the direction of traffic has been established.
(d) it shall not be possible to obtain Line Clear unless the line is clear,
at the block station from which Line Clear is obtained, not only upto
the first Stop signal but also for an adequate distance beyond it.
Automatic signal with a Gate and a Point :When there is a gate and a point in an automatic block
sections, two illuminated markers A and AG are provided.
The indications given by these marks are (i)
A marker is lit up
Signal works as an
automatic signal.
(ii)
AG marker is lit
up
Signal works as a
gate signal
A marker and AG
marker
extinguished
Signal works as a
manual signal
EBD 1 km
Caution Aspect (Y) - When one block section + overlap of 120 m is clear.
Attention Aspect (YY) - When two block section + overlap of 120 m are
clear.
Proceed Aspect (G) - When three block sections + overlap of 120 m are
clear.
EBD
EBD
EBD
EBD
Automatic
Signal
Y
G
Normal Aspect
Y
R
A Marker
Denotes fully
automatic
signal
Semi
Automatic
Signal
Route Indicator
Y
G
Y
Denotes semi
automatic
signal
Normal Aspect
A Sign
AG Sign
Calling ON
Shunt
Signal working
in Auto Mode
A: Points are
set & locked
A Sign
AG Sign
Calling ON
Shunt
Signal working
in Auto Mode
A: Points are
set & locked
A Sign
AG Sign
Calling ON
Shunt
A Sign
AG Sign
Calling ON
Shunt
Signal working
in Auto Mode
A: Points are
set & locked
A Sign
AG Sign
Calling ON
Shunt
Signal working
in Auto Mode
AG: Gate is
open or has
failed, Points
are set & locked
AG
A Sign
AG Sign
Calling ON
Shunt
Signal Failed,
Calling ON
Given
A Sign
AG Sign
Calling ON
Shunt
Shunt Signal
Given
A Sign
AG Sign
Calling ON
Shunt
I
N
C
O
R
R
A
AG
A
AG
E
C
T
I
N
C
O
R
R
E
C
C
T
SIGNAL OPERATION
Two Types of Signals: Semaphore and Colour light signals.
.
Double line sections with 25 kv electric traction, the
three sources of power are i) power tapped from Down Line - Normal source
ii) power tapped from Up Line - Standby source
iii) local power (power from Electricity Board or diesel
generator).
Single line sections with 25 kv electric traction
i) power tapped from Up/Down line - Normal source
ii) local power (EB)
iii) diesel generator
Sections without electric traction
i) local power - Normal traction
ii) 2 - diesel generators
Indoor
Relays
Outdoor
Relays
12/24/60V
~
=
12/24/60V
110 V
Points
~
=
~
=
DBBC
24 V
Up Side
Axle
Block
Counter Line
Transformers
Signal Lighting
Transformers
Track feed
Chargers
~
=
DBBC
Up Side Dn Side
Block
Block
Local
Line
=
Dn Side
Block
Local
AC Power
Source
230 V AC BUS
Voltage
Regulator
Transformers
SM Panel
Indication
1KVA
110 VDC
=
Transformers
230/110V
Track Feed
Chargers
Status
Monitoring
in ASMs
room
Transformers
230/110V Signals
110 V DC BUS
300 AH
Battery
Bank
DC - DC
Converters
(With standbys)
To different DC Circuits
110V DC
Pt. Machine
~~
~
Transformers
Track Ckts.
CVT
Battery
Inverters
Auto
Change
Over
DC-DC
Converter
Signals DC Loads
Advantages of IPS
There is no need to run DG at PI Stn in Non-RE
area if the commercial power is available for an
average of 7-8 hours/day.
No blank signals.
Availability & reliability is very high
Maintenance requirement is very low including
that of battery & DG sets.
Advantages of IPS
Saving in Power - Power consumed by IPS is
same as the power consumed by existing
conventional power supply system.In the existing
installations the DG set is required to run for an
average of 6 hours/day (Cost of diesel for running
of DG set is approximately Rs. 72,500/- per
year/station.
Point Operation
Safety considerations to be fulfilled in the operation of a
point especially facing point.
The considerations are i) A suitable means to set the point to one of the two
positions.
ii) A lock to prevent the movement of the switches due to
the vibration of train.
iii) To prevent the operation of point when it is occupied by
a vehicle.
iv) Means to ensure that closed switch is housed and locked
properly.
Lock Bar
UNIT DETECTOR
Point Machines
Obstruction Test
ESSENTIALS OF INTERLOCKING
Interlocking is a safety arrangement to ensure that points,
signals and other connected equipments are operated in a
predetermined sequence.
Four Essentials of the Interlocking stipulated in the Signal
Engineering Manual :
1. Route Setting
It should not be possible to take off a signal unless the
Route is properly set.
Route setting involves (1) setting of all points viz. facing,
trailing and isolation, (2) locking the facing points in case of
rod operated points, locking all points in case of D.W. or
electrically operated points, (3) closing and locking the
interlocking level crossing gate against road traffic, not only
for the line on which the train is going to run but also for
the signal overlap.
2. Route Holding
It should not be possible to change a point, unlock a facing
point (in case operated by rodding), unlock any point (in
case operated by D.W. or electrically), unlock level crossing
gate in the route or the signal overlap portion unless the
signal is replaced to ON.
This condition is called route holding condition and ensures
that the route set for a signal remains in tact as long as
signal is Off.
3. Conflicting Signals to be
locked
Interlocking
Table
Track Circuits
Track circuit was first invented in the year 1872 in U.S.A.
by William Robinson.
Since this arrangement was very simple, nobody would
have thought that the track circuit would make such an
impact on signalling.
Track circuit has become one of the most important safety
devices in Railway signalling and has become an essential
and integral part of modern signalling systems.
Track Circuit consists of the following components :1) To ensure that the flow of current is restricted to a
particular section, insulated joints are provided at both
ends of the section. The insulated joints consists of
insulating material made of Nylon 66, which prevents the
flow of current between rail to rail, fish bolt to rail, fish bolt
to fish plate and fish plate to rail of the adjacent rail joints.
2) Rails of 13 m standard length are provided in most of the
stations and they are joined together by fish plates. The fish
plates do not provide reliable electrical connection and
hence they are bridged by two mild steel wires to get good a
electrical connection. These wires are called bond wires.
3) The current is passed by means of battery (2v) at one
end and current is regulated by a resistance.
4) The current at the other end is sensed by a device called
Relay.
Automatic
Warning at
LC Gates
FrequencyTrackCircuits)
Upper Quadrant
Distant 45 Degree
any one of the Loop Home Signal
90 degree Main Home Signal
Main Home
Same as LQ Main/Home
BLOCK INSTRUMENTS
The trains are run with space interval systems, maintaining
definite distance between two trains. The equipments
provided at stations for ensuring space interval system of
working are called 'Block Instruments'.
Block instruments provided can be classified into two
categories viz. (i) Cooperative and (ii) Non-cooperative type.
All single line token instruments (Daido Make and
non-cooperative type.
condition.
(iii) The last stop signal can again be lowered for a second train only
after the first train clears the block overlap at the receiving station, all
reception signals are replaced to ON at the receiving station, the block
instruments are normalized and again fresh line clear granted.
The instruments remain blocked till these conditions are satisfied.
Double line Block Instruments :Double line block instruments work on the lock and block
principle. They are non-cooperative type.
All the block operations are done at the receiving end. The
instrument is much simple to operate as compared to single
line block instruments. These instruments are called SGE
type instruments (Siemen's and General Electric).