Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Petrochemical Engineering
Petrochemicals
Prof. K. V. Rao
Programme Director
Petroleum Courses
JTNUK
Contents
Chemical industry & Catalysis
Origin of Petrochemicals
Basic / Building block chemicals
Basic chemicals to Petrochemicals
Petrochemical processes & catalysts
Ethylene, Propylene & Butadiene by thermal cracking
Alternative routes for Basic chemicals
Petrochemicals-37%
%
95
Petroleum
Refining
Energy
E
O
C
R
U
D
Chemicals &
Fertilizers
Petro
chemicals
5-6%
Product Slates
Petroleum
Fuels
Feed-stocks
Hydrogen
Lubricants
Syngas
Sulfur
Petrochemical feedstocks
C2-C3 gas
LPG
C4 stream
Naphtha for light
olefins
Naphtha for aromatics
Kerosene
Gas oil for cracking
PETROCHEMICAL
INDUSTRY
BASIC CHEMICALS
Ethylene, Propylene, 1.3-Butadiene &
BTX,
PETROCHEMICALS
PE,PP,PVC,PS,PBR,MEG,LAB,ACN, AF, PTA, PHA,
MA,CPL
Petrochemicals from B
Butadien
Butadiene
Polybutadiene
Rubber
PBR
Styrene-Butadiene
Rubber SBR
AcrylonitrileButadiene
-Styrene ABS
Adiponitrile
ADN
Specialty
Polymers /
Chemicals
Benzene
Xylenes
Specialty/
Functionalized
chemicals
m-Xylene
p-Xylene
O-Xylene
Iso-phthalic acid
Terephthalic acid
PTA
Phthalic anhydride
PET
Polyesters
Plasticizers
Catalysts/Processes
Aromatics
Naphtha reforming- Production of
Gasoline & BTX
Pt-Re/Al2O3, Pt-Sn/Al2O3,
Semi-regenerative/ CCR
UOP/Axens/Criterion/Chevron/I
PCL/RIL
ZSM-5 Composite
UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil
Zeolyst, IPCL/RIL
ZSM-5 Composite
UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil,SK
Corpn
Toluene Disproportionation- Up
gradation of low value C7 streamValue added products- Benzene & pXylene
Alkylation of Toluene/ Ethylbenzne-
ZSM-5 Composite
UOP, Axens, Exxon-Mobil,
Dehydrogenation
C3 ,C4 paraffins to OlefinsMonomers- Propylene, Iso-butene
Pt-Sn/Al2O3,
UOP, IFP,IPCL/RIL
Fe-K/Al2O3
UOP
Hydrogenation
Acetylenics in C2/C3/C4
hydrocarbon streamsPurification of monomers
Pd/Ni supported on
alumina with promoters
Axens, Sud-Chemie, BASF
Ni/Alumina, Pt/Alumina
Axens, SC,UOP
Hydrogenation of Oils/Fats
Ni/Alumina
Pd/Carbon
BASF, Sud-Chemie,Chemit
Hydrogenation of unsaturated
organic compounds
Promoted Ag/Alumina,
DOW,Shell,Sci.Design
Supported Pd
CuCl2- KCl/Alumina
BASF, KNF, Oxyvinyl
Propylene to Acrylonitrile
Molybdates of
Bi,Fe,Ni/Silica
Ineos
V-P-O,Ineos
Supported Mo Oxides/Au
Vanadia/TiO2
Syngas conversions
CO+2H2 CH3OH
ZnO-CuO-Chromia
Rh-,Ir-Iodide promoted
Polymer
Processes
Ethylene to
Polyethylene
LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE
Propylene to
Polypropylene
PP, PE Copolymers
Vinyl chloride to
Polyvinyl chloride
PVC
Polymer
Processes
Ethylene to
Polyethylene
LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE
Propylene to
Polypropylene
PP, PE Copolymers
Vinyl chloride to
Polyvinyl chloride
PVC
(SRT-Heaters)
Olefin metathesis
C2H4 + C4H8 2 C3H6
Can be a stand alone unit or integrated with cracker/FCC unit
Low investment, less energy intensive, attractive returns
High propylene/ethylene yield ratios, varying from 0.5 to 1.1
Use of low cost C4 stream
Process technologies
META-4 (Axens IFP Group Technologies)
OCT Olefins Conversion Technology (ABB Lummus)
UOPs process
Depends on relative costs of ethylene & propylene
Process technologies