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Units of Measurement
Precipitation:
mm/h (millimeter/hour),
approximately 1 mm of water is
equivalent to 10 mm of snow. How
about wet snow in April?
Stream Flow:
m3/s (cubic meter/second). One m3=
1000 liters.
4
Units of Measurement
Speed:
m/s (meter/second).
You can also use the English System
(Ft, Gallon, etc.). I will do my best not
to use it because it is dumb, but if
you have any questions I will help.
Stream Flow
Sources:
1. Direct Runoff
2. Groundwater exfiltration, or also
called Base flow (opposite of
infiltration)
WATER DEMAND
P 2 P1
t
ln P 0 Kg.t
Pt e
Kg
ln P 2 ln P1
t
Kd .t
1
Psat P 2
ln(
)
t
Psat P1
2 P 0 P1 P 2 P12 ( P 0 P 2 )
Psat
P 0 P 2 P12
Kd
Pt
Psat
b .t
1 a. e
( Psat P 0)
P0
1
P 0( Psat P1)
b ln[
]
n
P1( Psat P 0)
14
DEFINITIONS
Psat Is the saturation population, the
maximum population when the growth
rate reaches zero in a declining growth
rate population. An example of a
country with a declining growth rate is
China, the population is still growing,
but due to the policy of one child per
couple, the annual rate of growth is
declining.
Ka, Kg, Kd, a, b are assumed constants
15
NOTES
Remember, when you calculate Psat,
the time intervals between P0-P1, and
P1-P2 have to be equal.
In the Mathematical Logistic Curve
Method, Equation 1.8 in the Text, t is
the time from P0 to Pt.
Equation 1.19 does not hold if the
population is > 10,000
(multiplication by 0)
16
Solved Problems
320
1995 1970
25
P 2005 P1995 (2005 1995) * 320 23,200
11
.b
Kg (20000 /12000)
(1/ 25)
102064
.
10
P 2005 20000 *102064
.
24,534
11
.c
80000 20000
Kd (1 / 25) ln(
) 0.005
80000 12000
P 2005 80000 (80000 12000) * e 35*0.005 22,916
17
18
Problem 1.5
7000000 g / d
P 35
40000
175g / d / person
Time
0
15yrs
35yrs
Pop
?
15000
40000
Ln( P 35 / P15) Ln(40 / 15)
Kg
0.049
35 15
20
P15 P 0. e
Kg .t
0.049 (15)
15000 P 0. e
2.08548 P 0
15000
P0
7193
2.08548
19
Problem 1.7
Psat P 0 284 9.6
a
28.6
P0
9.6
1
P 0( Psat P1)
1
9.6(284 76)
b ln(
) ln(
) 0.02933
n
P1( Psat P 0)
80 76(284 9.6)
Psat
Pt
1 a. e 0.02933*t
t 2000 1830 170 years
284
284
P 2000
237.6million
170 ( 0.02933)
1 28.6e
11954
.
20
1.9a
19.5
Kr
0.2124
918
.
Pt 0.2124 * 103.2 219
. thousand
21
1.9b
1910 20 30 40 50 60 70
80 90
22
1.9b
23
1.9b
24
1.11
180
.
Max. Monthly 175( 0.1 ) 175 *128
. 224 gpcd
30
180
.
Max.Weekly 175( 0.1 ) 175 *148
. 259 gpcd
7
Max. Daily 175 *180
. 315gpcd
25
1.13
26
1.15
WoodFrameArea 4 * 100 * 10.76sf / sm 4304 sf
Q1 18C A 18 * 15
. * 4304 1771gpm
NoncombustibleArea 6 * 90 * 10.76sf / sm 5810sf
Q2 18 * 0.8 * 5810 1098 gpm
Qtotal Q1 Q2 1771 1098 2869 gpm
OrQtotal 2869 * 60 * 24 gpd
27
1.17
87,000,000
1. PerCapitaUsage
174 gpd
500,000
2. StreamFlow 6590 87 115 210 7002 Mgpd
7002
3. Ratio of Stream Flow to Waste Flow
34.7
87 115
4. Percent Treatment ( fig16
. page 19) = 12
28
1.17
In Year 2010
a. Population 11
. * 500,000 550,000
b.Water Re quirement 174 * 550,000 95.7 Mgpd
Manufacturing Re quirement 115
. * 115 132.3 Mgpd
a. Add . Energy / day 100 * 24 * 0.6 *1000 144
. MKWH
20 * 144
. * 106
b.Re q. ForPower (Table14
. )
28.8 Mgpd
6
10
c. Total Power Re quirement 210 28.8 238.8 Mgpd
Municipal Industrial 95.7 132.3 228 Mgpd
StreamFlow 34.7 * 228 7912 Mgpd
Dilution Re q 7912 228 238.8 7445.2 Mgpd
29