MAIL SERVER

Introduction of Mail Server

A mail server is the computerized equivalent of your

friendly that is sent passes through a series of mail servers

along with its way to its intended recipients. Although it
may seem like a message is sent instantly zipping from one
PC to another in the blink of an eye the reality is that a
complex series of transfer takes place.

Features of Mail Server

Send text message by simply specifying the

destination e-mail address.

You can register free.
You can keep ID and Password.
You can send e-mail on webmail.
You can send up to 1000 character long
message.
You can change your password.

Technology Used
Cisco packet tracer 6.1.1 is used in the

development of this project.

It is virtual networking simulation software
developed by Cisco.
It is used to learn and understand various
concepts in computer networks.
It is software and a tool, easy to work with,
thus after working with virtual environment.
A user gains lot of confidence, when it
comes to working in real-time
environment.

Advantages of Packet Tracer

It is a powerful network simulation program that

allows users to experiment with network design and

behavior.
It provides Simulation, Visualization, Authoring,
assessment, and Collaboration capabilities.
It supplements physical networking equipment by
allowing users to create virtual networks with an
almost unlimited number of devices; encouraging
practice, discovery and troubleshooting.
Packet tracer activities are included in the IT
essentials, CCNA routing and switching, and CCNA
security.

Features of Packet Tracer

It creates a simulation environment where

a user gets visualization experience.

There is also a multi user feature.
It has both Logical and Physical
Workspace.
It has got both Real-time and Simulation
mode.
It has got user friendly GUI and CLI
interfaces.
It support multiple languages.
It is platform independent.

Additional features
Lab grading function.
International language support.
Compatible with the following platform:

Windows, Window XP; Vista, Window 7 and

Linux.
Available to registered networking
academy instructors, students, and alumni.

Modes of Packet Tracer

There are two types of modes: Real-Time Mode: -The devices in the network behave as

real devices do not look similar to real devices.

Simulation Mode: -In this mode, a user can see and
control time interval, to learn how to troubleshoot network
failure.

Networking devices
There are various networking devices

which can used to create different

networking lab scenarios:

Routers, Switches, Hubs, Wireless devices,

Connections, End devices, WAN Emulation,

Custom made devices, Multi user connection,
Personal computer, Laptops, Servers, Printers, IP
phones, VOIP devices, Analog phone, TVs,
Wireless-Tablets, PDAs, Wireless End devices,
Wired end devices etc.

Connections in packet tracer

Various types of cables which can be

used to connect various networking

devices are: Console cable
Copper straight-through cable
Copper cross-over cable
Fibre cable
Phone cable
Coaxial cable
Serial DTE
Serial DCE, and Octal cable.

Types of cables to connect PC, Switch &

Router

Various services available on a PC

Basic modes of a Router

Basic commands of Router

Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254

255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit

Protocols supported by packet tracer

Introduction to web server

Introduction to IP Address
Each machine on the internet is assigned a

unique address called an IP address.

An IP stands for Internet protocol

These addresses are 32-bit numbers, normally

expressed as 4 octets in a dotted decimal

number.
For example 192.168.1.254

Every machine on the Internet has a unique

IP address.
A sever has a static IP address that does not
change very often.

DNS (Domain Name Server): A set of servers called domain name server

(DNS) maps the human-readable names to

the IP address.

These servers are simple database that map

names to IP addresses.
They are distributed to all over the Internet.
There are also central name servers that use
data supplied by VeriSign to map domain name
to IP addresses.

Ports
Any server machine makes its services

available to the internet using numbered

ports, one for each service that is available
on the server.
Each of the most well-known services is
available at a well-known port number.
Here is some common ports number
FTP 21
Telnet 23
WWW 80
SMTP (Simple mail Transfer Protocol, e-mail)
25

Protocols
Once a client has connected to a service on a

particular port, it accesses the service using a

specific protocol.
The protocol is the pre-defined way that
someone who wants to use a service talks with
that service.
Every web server on the Internet confirms to the

HTTP protocol, summarized nicely in the original

HTTP as defined in 1991.
In the original HTTP protocol, all you would

have sent was the actual file name, such as

/ or /web-server.htm.

Introduction to how e-mail works

An E-mail message
E-mail gives us the ability to contact any

person in the world in a matter of seconds.

According to Darwin Magazine: Prime
Movers, the first e-mail message was sent
in 1971 by an engineer named Ray
Tomlinson.
An e-mail message has always been
nothing more than a simple text
messagea piece of text sent to a
recipient.

From Sender to Recipient

More complex servers

The real e-mail system

The real e-mail system consists of

two different servers running on a

server machine.

One is called the SMTP server, where SMTP

stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

The SMTP server handles outgoing mail .
The other is either a POP3 Server or an IMAP
Server, both of which handles incoming
mail. POP stands for Post office Protocol, and
IMAP stands for Internet mail Access protocol.
The SMTP Server listens on well-known port
number 25, POP3 listens on port 110 and IMAP
uses port 143.

The SMTP server

Whenever you send a piece of e-mail, your e-mail

client interacts with the SMTP server to handle the
sending. The SMTP server on your host may have
conversations with other SMTP servers to deliver the email.

The SMTP server understand the following

commands
HELO: Introduce yourself.

HELO: Introduce yourself.

EHLO: Introduce yourself and request extended mode.
MAIL FROM: - Specify the sender.
RCPT TO: - Specify the recipient.
DATA: - Specify the body of the message (To, from and
Subject should be the first three lines).
RSET: - Reset.
QUIT: - Quite the session.
VRFY: - Verify an address.
EXPN: - Expand an address.
VERB: - Verbose.

The POP3 and IMAP Server

The POP3 Server

In the simplest implementation of POP3, the

server really does maintain a collection of text

files one for each e-mail account. When a
message arrives, the POP3 server simply appends
it to the bottom of the recipients file.
When you check your e-mail, your e-mail client
connects to the POP3 server using Port 110.
The POP3 server requires an account name and a
password. Once youve logged in, the POP3 server
opens your text file and allows you to access it.

The POP3 understands the following

commands: USER: - Enter your user ID
PASS: - Enter your password

QUIT: - Quite the POP3 server

LIST: - List the messages and their size
RETR: - Retrieve a message, pass it a message

number
DELE: - Delete a message, pass it a message
number
TOP: - Show the top x lines of a message, pass it a
message number and the number of lines
You can see that the POP3 server simply acts as an
interface between the e-mail client and the text file
containing your messages.

The IMAP Server

IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol) is a more

advance protocol that solves these problems. .

With IMAP, your mail stays on the e-mail server.
You can organize your mail into folders, and all the
folders live on the server as well.
When you search your e-mail, the search occurs on
the server machine, rather than on your machine.
This approach makes it extremely easy for you to
access your e-mail from any machine, and
regardless of which machine you use; you have
access to all of your mail in all of your folders.
Your e-mail client connects to the IMAP server
using Port 143.

Free and paid e-mail services

Services such as Google , Gmail, Hotmail, And yahoo
provide free e-mail accounts for subscriber

About Gmail
Gmail is Googles free e-mail service. It offers

online storage thats practically unlimited.

It also provides sorting methods that allows
users to quickly organize and shift their inbox
efficiently for important messages.
As a free service, Gmail exposes users to
contextual advertisements, which are based on
keywords found in the users e-mail messages.
Its versatile in handling many different
attachment types and scans for spams, worms
and virus.

About yahoo Mail

Perhaps one of the most popular free

services, yahoo offers unlimited online

storage as well as text messaging and RSS
news feeds.
Using more than a dozen filters, Yahoo! files
incoming e-mails and automatically sends
junk e-mails to a spam folder and allows you
to add e-mails to that folder.
It features easy-to-use drag and drop
organization tools.

About MSN Windows Hotmail

Another well-used free service, Hotmail is

supported by Microsoft technology and features 5

GB of online storage space.
A versatile desktop design allows users to
customize the color and layout of their mail
manager.
It also offers users the choice of working a classic,
familiar format and switching to an updated look
with added features when they choose.
Microsoft security features coupled with familiar
drag-and-drop organization tools add further
comfort -of-use for many e-mail users.

Design of Mail Server

Firstly open the Cisco Packet Tracer 6.1.1.
After that take 5 Routers and provide each router

serial ports.
Then connects all routers each-other onto the serial
port.
Then take 5 Switches accordingly to the routers and
connects to it routers.
And after that connect different server on to the
Router 5s switch port. Servers names are DNS,
Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, Google etc.
And then connect End-Devices for example
Computers or Laptops as a user of Server.
continued..

Then connect Router to Switch and Switch to End-

Devices with the help of Straight Cable at the Fast

Ethernet Port.
And then connect the different servers at switch
with the help of straight cable.
Then provide the IP address to all Routers. Like
192.168.1.254, 192.168.2.254, 192.168.3.254,
192.168.4.254 and 200.200.200.254.
And then also provide Serial Port IP address. Like
10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 11.0.0.1, 11.0.0.2, 12.0.0.1,
12.0.0.2, 13.0.0.1 and 13.0.0.2.
Then configure the entire network with using the of
Cisco commands for make it workable.

Router R1 and Switch1 is used for Gmail users and

there are six user (pc 1 to pc 6) available.

Router R2 and Switch2 is used for Yahoo mail and
there are also six users (pc 7 to pc 12) available.
Router R3 and Switch3 is used for Hotmail users and
there are also six users (pc 13 to pc18) available.
Router R4 and Switch4 is used for Google users and
there are also six users (pc19 to pc24) available.
Router R5 and Switch5 is used for Servers and there
are 5 servers (DNS server, Gmail server, Yahoo
server, Hotmail server, and Google server) available.
After that the Diagram of Mail Server is look like

as follows: -

Diagram of Cisco mail server

Acronym summary
E-MAIL
WWW
IP
IMAP
MTA
MUA
POP
SMTP
FTP
HTTP

-Electronic mail
-World wide web
- Internet protocol
- Internet Mail Access Protocol
- Mail Transfer Agents
- Mail User Agent
- Post Office Protocol
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
-File transfer protocol
-Hyper text transfer protocol