Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
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AN EDUSAT
LECTURE ON
CURVES-
April 16,2013.
BY
:Er.Mohinder Kumar
Senior Lecturer
Civil Engg.
1
GOVT.
CURVES
Curves are regular
bends provided in
the
lines
of
communication like
roads, railways and
canals etc. to bring
about
gradual
change of direction.
T2
T1
A
CURVES
O
Fig. 1 . A CURVE
CURVES
They
enable
the
vehicle to pass from
one path on to
another when the two
paths meet at an
angle. They are also
used in the vertical
plane at all changes of
grade to avoid the
abrupt change of
grade at the apex.
T2
T1
A
CURVES
O
Fig. 2. A CURVE
HORIZONTAL CURVES
Curves provided in the horizontal plane to
have the gradual change in direction are
known as horizontal curves.
VERTICAL CURVES
Curves provided in the vertical plane to obtain
the gradual change in grade are called as
vertical curves.
Curves may be circular or parabolic. Curves
are generally arcs of parabolas.
Curves are laid out on the ground along the
centre line of the work.
CURVES
CURVES
CURVES
Simple Curves.
CURVES
i) Simple Curve:
A simple curve
Consists of a
single arc of
circle connecting
two straights. It
has radius of the
same magnitude
throughout.
T2
T1
A
C
R
Fig. 3. A SIMPLE
CURVE
CURVES
T1
R1
O
1
R2
A
O
2
CURVES
B
2
T2
M
p
Their centres lie on
opposite sides of the curve. T
R
Reverse curves are used 1
R
when the straights are A
parallel or intersect at a
O1
Fig. 5. A Reverse or
very small angle.
1
Serpentine Curve.
CURVES
10
B
O2
T
1
A
O1
Fig.6 A Reverse or
Serpentine Curve.
CURVES
11
T
2
O3
O1
T1
Buildi
ng
O
2
T2
Fig. 7 A Deviation
Curve
CURVES
12
B
B
I
F
T1
T2
C
R
/2
CURVES
13
CURVES
14
CURVES
15
CURVES
17
(ii)
T1OT2 = 1800 - I =
18
/2
CURVES
19
DESIGNATION OF CURVE
A curve may be designated either by
the radius or by the angle subtended at the
centre by a chord of particular length.
In India, a curve is designated by the
angle (in degrees) subtended at the centre by
a chord of 30 metres (100 ft.) length. This
angle is called the degree of curve (D).
The degree of the curve indicates the
sharpness of the curve.
CURVES
20
DESIGNATION OF CURVES.
In English practice , a curve is defined
by the radius of the curve in terms of chains,
such as a six chain curve means a curve having
radius equal to six full chains, chain being 30
metres unless otherwise specified.
In America,Canada,India and some
other countries a curve is designated by the
degree of the curve. For example a 40 curve
means a curve having angle of 90 degrees at the
centre subtended by a chord of 30m length
unless otherwise specified.
CURVES
21
OMP,OM=R,
MP= MN =15m
D
D/2
O
Fig.9 Degree of
Curve
MOP=D/2
Then, sin D/2=MP/OM= 15/R
CURVES
PTO
22
CURVES
23
CURVES
24
CURVES
25
CURVES
26
CURVES
27
CURVES
28
CURVES
29
CURVES
30
CURVES
PTO
31
1060 m 600 =
330.85
729.1
5
T1
1200
L=600
m
1329.15
T
2
R=573
m
O
Fig.11
CURVES
32
CURVES
PTO
33
CURVES
PTO
34
CURVES
35
PTO
600.00m
CURVES
PTO
36
CURVES
37
CURVES
38
B
x
P Ox
P1
T1
T2
90
C
R
CURVES
39
Offsets is given by :
Ox = R2 +x2 R .. (Exact relation.)
When the radius is large ,the offsets may be
calculated by the approximate formula
which is as under
Ox = x 2
(Approximate )
2R
By Radial Offsets
CURVES
40
B
P
Ox
P1
T2
T1
A
P2
Fig. 13.
CURVES
41
Ox = x2
2R
(Exact)
(Approximate )
CURVES
42
CURVES
43
CURVES
44
(Exact)
CURVES
45
Ox= R2 + x2 - R
(Exact)
O20 = 4002+202 - 400 = 400.50 - 400 = 0.50 m
O40 = 4002+402 - 400 = 402.00 - 400 = 2.00 m
O60 = 4002+602 - 400 = 404.47 - 400 = 4.47 m
O80 = 4002+802 - 400 = 407.92 - 400 = 7.92 m
O100 = 4002+1002- 400 = 412.31 - 400 = 12.31 m
And so on.
CURVES
46
(Exact)
CURVES
47
CURVES
48
THANKS
49