Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
I. Intro
A. fluvial seds largely
classified into 3 dep.
environments
1. alluvial
2. braided rivers
3. meandering
rivers
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/geology/historical_lab/sedenvirons.htm
http://www.agc.army.mil/research/products/desert_guide/lsmsheet/lsbajad.htm
Streamflow
pr.water.usgs.gov/public/reports/matt.html
usgs
A little scarp cut into the surface of the debris flow shows the finer grained material that makes up
the bulk of the debris flow. The coarsening of the material at the surface of the fan is probably in
part due to post-depositional winnowing of fine grains as well as some original coarse-tail
coarsening in the original debris flow.
http://faculty.gg.uwyo.edu/heller/
Sheet flood
geoimages.berkeley.edu/.../geomorph/flood1.h
tml
PROXIMAL
Fan
Mostgravityflows
deposited(matrix
supportedetc)
Riverchannelscut
downintoheadofthe
fan,developsasingle
largechannelcut.
Terminology
Coarsestgrained,most
poorlysorteddeposits
MEDIAL
DISTAL
Fewestgravityflows
Fewergravityflows
reachthisarea
deposited
Severalsmall,shallow
Channelsstartsplitting channels
fartherdownthefan
Finestgrained,best
sorteddeposits
http://faculty.gg.uwyo.edu/heller/
geology.cwru.edu/~huwig/catalog/catalog.ht
ml
V. Mid Fan
A. Has a lower slope
gradient
B. Sediment is intermediate
in size and typically better
sorted
C. Sediments are well
stratified and show some
cross bedding
D. Contains many small
shallow braided channels
surrounding one main
(axial) channel (see photo
on right)
V. Mid Fan
E. Sieve lobe deposits
form at the intersection
point of the fan (usually
upper mid fan)
Where on Fan?
Distal Fan
D thickening and
coarsening upward
sequence
E inactive fan-thin
and fine upward
F fan deposits up
to 1000s m
I) Rivers
A. 4 types:
1. braided
2. anastomosing
3. straight to near straight
4. meandering
www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1121Lxr28.html
I) Meandering Rivers
A. higher sinuosity,
B. less gradients, finer
seds
C elements
1. main channel
2. pt. bars
3. levees
4. floodplain
5. oxbow lake
6. abandoned meander
cut-off
Allen, 1964
www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1121Lxr28.html
http://faculty.gg.uwyo.edu/heller/Sed%20Strat
%20Class/Sedstrat4/sedlect_4.htm
D channel flow
1. lateral shifting of
currents = helical
flow
E current velocity
highest along outer
bank,
1. bank undercutting,
deepening of
channel
2. coarse lag deposit
3. remaining sed
accreted to pt. bar
Fig. 4.23: Highway 44, one of the main routes into Albuquerque (New Mexico, USA) was built in 1969. Part of the project
involved the necessity to straighten a section of the upper Rio Puerco River which then flowed parallel to the highway.Fig. 4.24:
This photograph taken in 1986 some 17 years after the channel straightening work. It shows how the Rio Puerco, which was
perfectly straight in 1969, has now started to meander and threaten to undermine Highway 44 alongside it. In retrospect, it may
not have seemed such a good idea to straighten it in the first place! Dr Tim Stott
F. overbank deposition
during floodstage-f.
sand/silts-levees,
floodplain, oxbow lakes
G. crevasse splays
H sediment deposition
in:
1. main channel
2. pt. bar
3. natural levees
4. flood basin
5. oxbow lake &
meander chute
I channel deposits
1. coarse lag material
deposited during flood
stage
2. gravels and mud
chunks
3. indistinct bedding,
thin and discontinuous
deposits
Sebaskachu River,
Labrador
shows well developed
point bars as it flows
across a wide floodplain
www.searchanddiscovery.net/.../images/chptr3.htm
www.searchanddiscovery.net/.../images/chptr3.htm
http://faculty.gg.uwyo.edu/heller/Sed%20Strat%20Class/Sedstrat4/sedlect_4.htm
Lynn S. Fichter
K natural levee
deposits
1. thick and
coarsest near
bank, fine and thin
into flood basin
2. ripples and
planar laminated
seds overlain by
laminated mud
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander
http://faculty.gg.uwyo.edu/heller
Bryants Creek, MO
Composed of:
Predominately fine
grain material
Which escape
through
flooding
Plant debris and
bioturbation
Oxbow Lakes
Meander Sequence
http://www.geo.umn.edu/courses/4602/Spring01/Slide_List_2.html
http://www.geo.umn.edu/courses/4602/Spring01/Slide_List_2.html
Overbank Deposits
http://www.geo.umn.edu/courses/4602/Spring01/Slide_List_2.html
IX) Geometry
A Braided-sheet s.s. of congl w/thin beds
or lenses of shales, enclosed
in
thicker seds
B meandering-shoe string sand bodies
elongate in direction of river and
enclosed by overbank fines