Digital Electronics

Electronics Technology
Landon Johnson

Shift Registers

DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

SMALL SCALE INTEGRATION

LESS THAN 12 GATES

GATES

MEDIUM SCALE INTEGRATION

12 TO 99 GATES

FLIP FLOPS

ENCODERS
DECODERS

SHIFT
REGISTERS

LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION

100 TO 9999 GATES

MULTIPLEXERS
DEMULTIPLEXERS

ADDERS

MEMORY

SMALL
MICROPROCESSORS

Shift Register Competencies

39. Without references, the student will define the
term Serial Data Transmission with 100% accuracy.
40. Without references, the student will define the
term Parallel Data Transmission with 100%
accuracy.
41. Without references, the student will define the
acronym SISO with 100% accuracy.
42. Without references, the student will define the
acronym SIPO with 100% accuracy.

Shift Register Competencies

43. Without references, the student will define the
acronym PISO with 100% accuracy.
44. Without references, the student will define the
acronym PIPO with 100% accuracy.

45. Given a specified register, the student will draw

the register with 100% accuracy
46. Given a specified SISO or SIPO register, the student
will state the number of pulses to completely load the
register with 100% accuracy.

Lab 18.

PARALLEL SHIFT REGISTER

S
J
Q
CP
K QN
R

CP QN
R

S
J
Q
CP
K QN
R

CP QN
R

S
J
Q
CP
K QN
R

CP QN
R

Lab 18.

SERIAL SHIFT REGISTER

data
in
clear
clk

S
J
Q
CP
K QN
R

S
J
Q
CP
K QN
R

S
J
Q
CP
K QN
R

S
J
Q
CP
K QN
R

SHIFT REGISTER VOCABULARY

REGISTER- group of flip flops capable of storing
data.
SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION- transfer of data from one
place to another one bit at a time.
PARALLEL DATA TRANSMISSION- simultaneous transfer of
all bits of a data word from one place to another.
SISO- SERIAL IN/SERIAL OUT- type of register that can be
loaded with data serially and has only one serial output.
SIPO- SERIAL IN/PARALLEL OUT- type of register that can
be loaded with data serially and has parallel outputs
available.
PISO- PARALLEL IN/SERIAL OUT- type of register that can
be loaded with parallel data and has only one serial
output.
PIPO- PARALLEL IN/PARALLEL OUT- type of register that can
be loaded with parallel data and has parallel outputs
available.

Lab 27.

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT REGISTERS

74194A BIDIRECTIONAL UNIVERSAL SHIFT REGISTER
LAB 27 b.SERIAL OPERAT ION
D
74LS194
CP
D3
D2
S1
D1
S0
D0
DSR
DSL
MR

Q3
Q2
Q1
Q0

C
B
A

OVERVIEW OF
SHIFT REGISTERS
A shift register is a sequential logic device
made up of flip-flops that allows parallel or
serial loading and serial or parallel outputs
as well as shifting bit by bit.
Common tasks of shift registers:
Serial/parallel data conversion
UART (an example)
Time delay
Ring counter
Twisted-ring counter or Johnson counter
Memory device

CHARACTERISTICS OF
SHIFT REGISTERS
Number of bits (4-bit, 8-bit, etc.)
Loading
Serial
Parallel (asynchronous or synchronous)
Common modes of operation.
Parallel load
Shift right-serial load
Shift left-serial load
Hold
Clear
Recirculating or non-recirculating

SERIAL/PARALLEL DATA
CONVERSION
Shift registers can be used to convert from serialto-parallel or the reverse from parallel-to-serial.

Parallel out
Parallel out

Serial in

0 11 00 11 11 11 11
11
0
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
Parallel in

Serial out
Serial out

SERIAL LOAD SHIFT REGISTER

Parallel outputs here.
Order= A B C D

1
0

0
1

1
0

1
0

Data =
=0
1
Data

Inputs here:
Clock input:
(1) Data Clock Pulse 2
3
4
6
7
Positive-edge
Clock Pulse 1
5
8
(2) Clock
Clear
input:
triggering
(3) Clear
Active Clear
=0 =1
0
Deactivated = 1

Note the use of D FFs.

Clock (CLK) inputs wired in parallel.
Clear (CLR) inputs can be activated with LOW
or disabled with HIGH.
Preset (PS) inputs deactivated.

4-bit
serial-in
parallel out
shift right
shift register

TEST
QUESTION #7
#2
#3
#4
#6
#5
QUESTION #1
What is the 4-bit output (bit A on left, D on right) after pulse 6?
1?
2?
3?
5?
4?
This is a ___ type shift register.
A. Serial-in, parallel out
A: Serial-in,
A: parallel-out
0100
1000
1100
0000
A:
0010
1001
B. Parallel-in, serial-out

Data
Data =
=1
1
00
Data
Data
=
Clock
ClockPulse
Pulse
Pulse2
4
Clock
Clock
Pulse
6
5
13
Clear
Clear =
=1
1
Clear
Clear
=
01

PARALLEL LOAD SHIFT REGISTER

Outputs here.
Order= A B C D

Parallel data
inputs
(Active LOW)

Clock input- H-to-L

Clear input- Active LOW

Note the use of J-K FFs.

Clock (CLK) inputs wired in parallel.
Clear (CLR) input activated with LOW.
Parallel load inputs (A,B,C,D) are active LOW.

Recirculating
lines:
Pass
data
Note
thefrom
FFD to FFA
recirculating
on
each
lines.
clock pulse.

RECIRCULATING
SHIFT REGISTER
11
0
00
10
1
Parallel
Paralleldata
datainputs=
inputs=
only
only
C&
allD
D
Binactive
activated
activated
active

Clock
pulse8 7
1
2
3
5
6
Clockpulse
4

Clear
input=1 0
1
Clearinput=

UNIVERSAL SHIFT REGISTER IC

Outputs here

Clear input
Serial data Right
inputLOW
active
used during
Serial Load Right
mode ofdata
operation
Parallel
inputs

Order: A, B, C, D
Serial
Leftloading
input
during data
Parallel
used during
Serial Load Left
mode of operation
Clock input
Mode
Controls:
L-to-H
triggering
Hold
Parallel load
Shift right
Shift left
74194 Universal 4-bit Shift Register IC.
Modes of operation: Hold, Parallel load, Shift right & Shift left.
An active LOW Clear (CLR) input overrides all others.

USING THE 74194

SHIFT REGISTER IC
1 0
0
1 1
0 0
1
CLR = 1
0
Serial R = X
0
Parallel Load=
010
10
Serial L = 0
X
1
Clock pulse 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(L-to-H)
S0= 0
1
S1= 1
0

X = Irrelevant

TEST
QUESTION
QUESTION#3
#1
#2
#5
#6
#7
QUESTION #4- What is the mode of operation during and the output of the
The
What
What
74194
is
isthe
the
IC
mode
mode
couldof
of
be
operation
operation
described
during
during
as a 4-bit
and
andthe
(shift
theoutput
output
right,of
of
universal)
the
the
shift register after pulse 3?
shift
shiftregister
register.
registerafter
afterpulse
pulse2?
1?
4?
5?
6?

A:right,
Universal
A:A:
A:
Parallel
A:
A:
Shift
Shift
Clear,
Hold,
left,
load,
0000
0
1
001
1
0
010
0
1
101
00

? ? ? ?
0
CLR = 1
X
Serial R = 0
Parallel Load=
Load=
Parallel
01
10
00
0
0
Serial L = X
1
1
2
4
Clock pulse 6
3
5
(L-to-H)
(L-to-H)
1
S0= 0
0
S1= 1

SIMPLE TROUBLESHOOTING HINTS

Feel top of IC to determine if it is hot
Look for broken connections, signs of
excessive heat
Smell for overheating
Check power source
Trace path of logic through circuit
Know the normal operation of the circuit