GSM Fund

GSM Fundamentals
GSM Fundamentals
Asiacell Telecom Platform Course
GSM Fundamentals
Contents
Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System

GSM Network Components
Terrestrial Interface
Service Area and Number Planning
Channels on The Air Interface
Radio Techniques
The Future Development
GSM Fundamentals
GSM Development
1989
Standard Protocol for GSM take effect
1991
GSM system began to provide service in Europe(2G)
1992
System was named as Global System for

Mobile Communication
1994
Provide services for the whole world
1996
Micro Cell Technique is used in GSM system
GSM Fundamentals
The Frequency Spectrum
Downlink
Uplink
EGSM
880
GSM
890
EGSM
915
925
Channel Bandwidth: 200KHz
935
GSM
960
MHz
Duplex Separation: 45 MHz
GSM Fundamentals
Frequency Spectrum in GSM System
ARFCN: Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
GSM Fundamentals
Frequency Allocation in Iraq
ARFCN: Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
GSM Fundamentals
Cell Structure
Omni Cell
Sector Cell
1
120
degree
120
degree
120
degree
GSM Fundamentals
Cell Structural in Sulymaniyah
GSM Fundamentals
Frequency Re-Use
What is Frequency Re-Use?

Because frequency resource of mobile system is
very limited,
The different Subscribers must use the same
frequency in different place.
Of course, the quality of communication must be
ensured.
GSM Fundamentals
Frequency Re-Use
How can we reuse frequency?

7(Site)X 1(Cell)
Re-use
2
7
2
2
3
1
6
1
6
2
3
4
5
10
GSM Fundamentals
Frequency Re-Use
4(Site)X 3(Cell)
7
3
Re-use
11
1
9
12
6
2
3
5
11
10
12
4
9
6
2
3
10
11
8
4
6
2
10
12
11
GSM Fundamentals
Contents

Radio Techniques
12
GSM Fundamentals

M2000 Server
PSTN
ISDN
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC/VLR
GMSC
MS
MS
BTS
BTS
MS
MS
Other PLMN
BSC
SS7
BTS
SMS system
HLR/AUC
13
GSM Fundamentals
Mobile StationMS
MS=ME+SIM
International Mobile Equipment
Identity (IMEI)
Mobile Equipment
International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI)
Subscriber Identity Module
14
GSM Fundamentals
Subscriber Identity Module SIM
International Mobile Subscriber

Identity (IMSI)
Temporary Mobile Subscriber
Identity (TMSI)
Location Area Identity (LAI)
Subscriber Authentication Key
(Ki)
* PIN and PUK are used to SIM security

15
GSM Fundamentals
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

- Base Station Controller (BSC)
- Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
- Transcoder and Sub multiplexer (TCSM)
or Transcoder and Rate Adaptation Unit (TRAU)
BTS
BSC
TCSM
MSC/VLR
MS
BTS
MS
BSS
16
GSM Fundamentals
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

BTS
(Base Transceiver Station):
Transmit & Receive signal with MS then transfer to Base Station

Controller (BSC)
Signal Process: Speech Coding, Channel Coding, Interleaving,

Ciphering, Modulation
However, one BTS has coverage area limited. Size of coverage

area depend on population of subscriber.
A unit of coverage area is called Cell
BTS
BTS
BTS
MS
BTS
BSC
MS
17
GSM Fundamentals
Base Station Controller (BSC)

BSC:
Store cell information and parameter: eg. Cell ID, BSIC, Cell
frequency (ARFCN), Output power
Control BTS to process: eg. Call set up, Handover Process,

Frequency Hopping, Power Control.
Receive BTS alarm and send BTS & BSC alarm to OMC
Measurement traffic statistic
Remote BTS O&M via BSC
BSC
BTS
MS
BTS
BSC
MS
18
GSM Fundamentals
Transcoder and Sub-Multiplexer
19
GSM Fundamentals
Network Switching System (NSS)

MSC/VLR
NSS
GMSC
EC
EC
SS7
BSS
PSTN
ISDN
Other PLMN
IWF
IWF
EIR
EIR
HLR/AUC
MSC = Mobile Switching Center

GMSC = Gateway MSC
HLR = Home Location Register
IWF = Inter-Working Function
VLR = Visitor Location Register

AuC = Authentication Center
EIR = Equipment Identity Register
EC = Echo Canceller
20
GSM Fundamentals
Mobile Service Switching Center

MSC
Call Processing
Operations and Maintenance

Support
Inter-network & Inter-working
Billing
21
GSM Fundamentals
Home Location Register (HLR)
Subscriber ID (IMSI and MSISDN)
Current subscriber VLR (current location)
Supplementary service information
Subscriber status (registered/deregistered)
Authentication key and AuC functionality
22
GSM Fundamentals
Visitor Location Register VLR
Mobile Status (IMSI detached/ attached / busy /

idle etc)
Location Area Identity(LAI)
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)
Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)
23
GSM Fundamentals
Equipment Identity Register EIR
White List
Black List
Grey List
IMEI
Is Checked against White List
If NOT found
EIR focus on the

equipment, not the
subscriber!!
IMEI
Is Checked against Black/Grey List
24
GSM Fundamentals
Authentication Center (AuC)

AUC
IMSI(m)
KI M
)
KI N
)
KI(IMSI)
IMSI(n)
RAND
GENERATOR
RAND
HLR
VLR
A8 A3
KC
SI
M
AUTH REQ
SRES
KI(IMSI)
IMSIBUFFER
RAND KC SRES
RAND KC SRES
RAND KC
SRES
1
2
RAND
KC
TEMP
DATA
SRES SRES
RAND
BSS
A8 A3
KC SRES
EQUAL
KI I MSI +RAND A3 SRES

KI ( I MSI ) +RAND A8 KC
M+KC A5
KC( M)
( MS/ BSS)
A5
KC( M) +KC ( MS/ BSS) M
CKSN
RAND 16byte
KI 16byte
kc 8byte
SRES 4byte
CKSN low 3bits of 1byte
25
GSM Fundamentals
Inter-Working Function IWF
Rate Conversion
Protocol Adaptation
PSTN
MSC
MSC
EC
EC
Eg. Fax, Modem

IWF
26
GSM Fundamentals
Echo Canceller EC
Echo takes place by GSM system delay caused by call processing,speech
encoding and decoding etc.
An Echo Canceller is used on the PSTN side of the MSC for all voice circuits
4-wire
2- wire
2-wire
Hybrid
Hybrid
Generation of Echo at 2-wire to 4-wire Interface
27
GSM Fundamentals
Operation and Maintenance Sub System
NOC
OMC
Region2
OMC
OMC
Region 3
Region 1
28
GSM Fundamentals
OMC Functional Architecture
Security
Management
Event/Alarm
Management
MMI
OS
DB
Fault
Management
Configuration
Management
Performance
Management
29
GSM Fundamentals
Example: Baghdad OMC
30
GSM Fundamentals
Contents

Radio Techniques
31
GSM Fundamentals
GSM Interface
D
G
VLR
VLR C
HLR
H
AUC
MSC
IWF
MSC
E
EC
EC
EIR
IWF
A
TC
MS
Um
BTS
Abis
BSC
32
GSM Fundamentals
GSM Protocol Stack
CM: Call Management

LAPDm: LAPD modified
MTP: Message Transfer Part
LAPD: Link Access Procedure on D Channel SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part
MM: Mobility Management
RR: Radio Resource Management BTSM: BTS Site Management
BSSMAP: BSS Management Application Part
33
GSM Fundamentals
ITU Signaling System CCS7
CCS7 Levels
MAP
OSI Layers
7. Application
6. Presentation
TUP
ISUP
TCAP
5. Session
(DTAP+BSSMAP)
SCCP
4. Transport
MTP Level 3
3. Network
2. Link
1 Physical
BSSAP
MTP Level 2
MTP Level 1
2 Mb/s Trunk
34
GSM Fundamentals
Abbreviation of CCS7
MTP
TCAP
Part
SCCP
TUP
ISUP
MAP
BSSAP
BSSMAP
DTAP
Message Transfer Part

Transaction Capabilities Application
Signaling Connection Control Part
Telephone User Part
ISDN User Part
Mobile Application Part
Base Station System Application Part
BSS Management Application Part
Direct Transfer Application Part
35
GSM Fundamentals
2MBps Trunks
Typical Configuration
TS 0
TS 1-15
TS16
TS 17-31
TS = Time slot
TS#
0
1-15
16
Used for
Synchronization / Clock
Traffic
CCS7 Signaling (Other TS may also the used)
17-31 Traffic
36
GSM Fundamentals
SigL1: 2MBps Trunks

HLR
AUC
EIR
OMC
IWF
MSC/VLR
MSC/VLR
EC
EC
TC
PSTN
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
37
GSM Fundamentals
CCS7 Interface
38
GSM Fundamentals
LAPD Interface
39
GSM Fundamentals
Contents

Radio Techniques
40
GSM Fundamentals
Service Area
System area
PLMN
PLMN service
service area
area
MSC service area...
Location area...
Base station area...
Radio cell
......
PLMN service area

MSC service area...
Location area...
Base station area...
......
Radio cell
......
41
GSM Fundamentals
MSC/VLR Number
CC
NDC
LSP
MSC/VLR number
The format is CC+NDC+LSP

CC Country Code.
For example: The CC of Iraq is 964".
NDC National Destination Code.
For example: The NDC of AsiaCell is 770.
LSP (locally significant part): is defined by Telecom operator.
For example: 964-770-1144002
42
GSM Fundamentals
HLR Number
The format is CC + NDC + LSP.

CC Country Code.
For example: The CC of Iraq is 964".
NDC National Destination Code.
For example: The NDC of Asiacell is 770
LSP (locally significant part): is defined by
Telecom operator.
For example: 964-770-1144001.
43
GSM Fundamentals
LAI
MCC
MNC
LAC
Location Area Identification
The LAI is the international code for a location area.

MCC Mobile Country Code It consists of 3 digits .
For example: The MCC of Iraq is 418"
MNC Mobile Network Code It consists of 2 digits .
For example: The MNC of Asiacell is "05"
LAC Location Area Code It is a two bytes BCD
code(hex).
The value 0000 and FFFF is invalid.
For example: 418-05-12AB
E.164 = CC + NDC + (MSC/VLR, HLR, MSISDN)
E.212 = MCC + MNC + (IMSI)
44
GSM Fundamentals
CGI
CGI: Cell Global Identification
The CGI is a unique international identification for a

cell
The format is LAI+CI
LAI: Location Area Identification
CI Cell Identity. This code uses two bytes BCD
code(hex) to identify the radio cells within an LAI.
For example : 418-05-12AB-CD98
45
GSM Fundamentals
BSIC
BSIC Base Station Identification Color Code)
NCC
BCC
BSIC
NCC PLMN network color code. It comprises 3 bit. It

allows various neighboring PLMNs to be distinguished.
BCC BTS color code. It comprises 3 bit. It allows
distinction between different radio frequency channels
using the same frequency in neighboring cells.
46
GSM Fundamentals
MSISDN
CC
NDC
SN
National (significant)
Mobile number
Mobile station international
ISDN number
CC Country Code. For example: The CC of Iraq is 964".

NDC National Destination Code. For example: The NDC of
Asiacell is 770.
SN Subscriber Number. Format:H0 H1 H2 ABCD
Example: 964-770-110-5246
47
GSM Fundamentals
IMSI
Not more than 15 digits
3 digits
2 digits
MCC
MNC
MSIN
NMSI
IMSI
MCC Mobile Country Code It consists of 3 digits .
For example: The MCC of Iraq is 418"
MNC Mobile Network Code It consists of 2 digits .
For example: The MNC of Asiacell is "05"
MSIN Mobile Subscriber Identification Number. H1H2H3
ABCDEFG
For example: 000-1600123
NMSI National Mobile Subscriber Identification MNC and MSIN
form it together.
For Example of IMSI : 418-05-000-1600123
48
GSM Fundamentals
TMSI
TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification)
The TMSI is assigned only after successful

subscriber authentication.
The VLR controls the allocation of new TMSI
numbers and notifies them to the HLR.
TMSI is used to ensure that the identity of the
mobile subscriber on the air interface is kept
secret.
The TMSI consists of 4 bytes( 8 HEX numbers)
and determined by the telecom operator.
49
GSM Fundamentals
IMEI
IMEI: International Mobile Station Equipment Identification
TAC
FAC
SNR
SP
IMEI
TAC Type approval code, 6 bit. It is administered by the type
approval center.
FAC Final assembly code, 2 bit. It is administered by the
manufacturer.
SNR Serial number, 6 bits. It is issued by the manufacturer
of the MS.
SP 1 bit, Not used.
Check IMEI by *#06#
50
GSM Fundamentals
MSRN/HON
MSRN: Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number

HON: Hand-over Number
The MSRN is used to route the call to the MSC which MS
is currently located.
The HON is used by the MSC-A to set up a connection to
the MSC-B during handover process
Usually, MSRN and HON share the same numbering plan.
The format is CC+NDC+individual number. CC and NDC
is the same as that of MSISDN. The individual number is
taken from a pool of numbers specially reserved for
MSRN.
51
GSM Fundamentals
Contents

Radio Techniques
52
GSM Fundamentals
Multiple Access Technique

Multiple
Access Technique allows many subscribers to
use the same communication medium.

There
are
three
kinds
of
basic
Multiple Access
Technique : FDMA , TDMA and CDMA.

GSM
system adopt FDD-TDMA (FDMA and TDMA
together).
GSM Fundamentals
FDMA
FDMA
uses different frequency
channels
Frequency
to
accomplish
communication.
The
whole frequency spectrum
available is divided into many

individual
channels
(for
transmitting
and
receiving) every channel can

Time
support
the
subscriber
information.
or
traffic
some
for
one
control
GSM Fundamentals
TDMA
TDMA
Frequency
accomplishes
communication
in
the
different
timeslot.
A
carrier is divided into channels
based on time. Different signals

occupy
different
timeslots
in
certain sequence , that is , many

Time
signals are transmitted on the

same frequency in different time.
GSM Fundamentals
CDMA
CDMA
Frequency
Code
accomplishes
communication
in
the
different
code sequences.
Special
before
coding is adopted
transmission,
then
different information will lose

nothing after
being mixed
and transmitted together on

Time
the same frequency and at

the same time.
GSM Fundamentals
Physical Channel and Logical Channels

The physical channel is the medium over which the
information is carried: 200KHz and 0.577ms
The logical channel consists of the information carried
over the physical channels
1 2
Timeslot
3 4
5 6
7 0
1 2
The
Theinformation
informationcarried
carriedin
inone
onetime
time
slot
slotis
iscalled
calledaaburst
burst
TDMA FRAME
TDMA FRAME
57
GSM Fundamentals
Two types of Logical Channel
Traffic Channel (TCH) :

Transmits traffic information, include data
and speech.
Control Channel (CCH) :

Or Signaling Channel, transmits all kinds of
control information.
GSM Fundamentals
Traffic Channel (TCH)
TCH
Traffic Channels
Normal Burst
Speech
TCH/FS
TCH/HS
TCH Traffic Channel

TCH/FS Full rate Speech Channel
TCH/HS Half rate Speech Channel
TCH/9.6 Data Channel 9.6kb/s
TCH/4.8 Data Channel 4.8kb/s
TCH/2.4 Data Channel 2.4Kb/s
Data
TCH/9.6
TCH/2.4
TCH/4.8
59
GSM Fundamentals
Control Channel (CCH)
CCH Control Channels

DCCH
SDCCH
FACCH
BCCH
ACCH
SACCH
BCCH
Synch. CH.
CCCH
SCH
FCCH
Broadcast Control Channel BCCH RACH

CBCH
Common Control Channel CCCH
Dedicated Control Channel DCCH
Associated Control Channel ACCH PCH/AGCH
60
GSM Fundamentals
Broadcast Control Channel BCCH
CCH
The information carried on the BCCH

is monitored by the MS periodically
when it is in idle mode
BCCH
downlink only
BCCH: Broadcast Control Channel

FCCH: Frequency Correction Channel
SCH: Synchronization Channel
BCCH
Synch.
Channels
SCH
FCCH
61
GSM Fundamentals
Common Control Channel CCCH
CCH
The CCCH is responsible for transferring

control information between all mobiles
and the network.
CCCH
RACH: Random Access Control Channel

PCH: Paging Channel
AGCH: Access Grant Control Channel
CBCH: Cell Broadcast Channel
RACH
uplink
CBCH
downlink
PCH/AGCH
downlink
62
GSM Fundamentals
Dedicated Control Channel DCCH
DCCH is assigned to a single

mobile connection for call setup
or for measurement and handover
purpose.
SDCCH: Standalone Dedicated
Control Channel
ACCH:
Associated
Control
Channel
SACCH: Slow Associated Control
Channel
FACCH: Fast Associated Control
Channel
CCH
DCCH
SDCCH
FACCH
ACCH
SACCH
63
GSM Fundamentals
Uplink Logical channel
RAC
H
CCC
SDCC
H
SACC
H
FACC
H
TCH/
F
TCH/
H
DC CH
TCH
CCH
DCH
GSM Fundamentals
Downlink Logical channel

CCH
BC C
CC C
DCH
DCC
H
TCH
FCC
H
SCH
BCC
H
PCH
AGC
H
SDC
CH
SAC
CH
FACC
H
TCH/
F
TCH/
H
GSM Fundamentals
How to use these channel?

Power-off state
Search for frequency correction pulse

Search for synchronous pulse
Unscramble system information
FCCH
SCH
BCCH
Idle state
Snoop into paging message

Send access pulse
Allocate signaling channel
Dedicated mode
Set up the call

Allocate voice channel
Conversation
Release the call
Idle state
PCH
RACH
AGCH
SDCCH
FACCH
TCH
FACCH
66
GSM Fundamentals
GSM Logical Channel
Channel Combination
Main BCCH combination BCCH + CCCH
SDCCH combination SDCCH8 + SACCH8
Combined BCCH BCCH + CCCH +SDCCH4 +
SACCH4
TCH combination TCH/FACCH + SACCH
67
GSM Fundamentals
GSM Multiframe
TDMA Frames
0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
46 47 48 49 50
51 Frame Multiframes
CONTROL CHANNELS
68
GSM Fundamentals
BCCH/CCCH Multiframe
Downlink
B
F
I
C C
10
S C C .. F S C C .. F S C C ..
20
30
C C
40
50
F = FCCH (Frequency)
S = SCH (Sync.)
C = CCCH (Common)
I = Idle
R = RACH (Random)
Uplink
R
R R
10
R R R .. R R R ..R R R ..
20
30
40
R R
50
69
GSM Fundamentals
SDCCH Multiframe
Downlink
D0 D1
D6 D7 A0
A3 I I I
D0 D1
D6 D7 A4
A7 I I I
32
44
50
D = SDCCH/8 (Dedicated)
A = SACCH/C8
(Associated) I = Idle
Uplink
24
A5 A6 A7 I I I D0
D7 A0
A1 A2 A3 I I I D0
D7 A4
12
15
44
50
70
GSM Fundamentals
Timeslots and TDMA Frames

Higher Capacity Cell
0
Broadcast
Dedicated
60
60
60
Traffic
Traffic
Low Capacity Cell

0
Combined
Traffic
71
GSM Fundamentals
Combined Multiframe
Downlink
FS B
C FS C
C F S D0 D1 F S D2 D3 F S A0 A1 I
FS B
C FS C
C F S D0 D1 F S D2 D3 F S A2 A3 I
10
20
R = RACH (Random)
F = FCCH (Frequency)
C = CCCH (Common)
A = SACCH/4 (Associated)
30
40
50
B = BCCH (Broadcast)
S = SCH (Sync.)
D = SDCCH/4 (Dedicated)
I = Idle
Uplink
D3 R R A2 A3 R R
R R D0 D1 R R D2
D3 R R A2 A3 R R
R R D0 D1 R R D2
10
20
30
40
50
72
GSM Fundamentals
GSM Multiframe
TDMA Frames
0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
21 22 23 24 25
26 Frame Multiframes
TRAFFIC CHANNELS
73
GSM Fundamentals
TCH Multiframe
This is used to transmit a

Traffic Channel Combination
(TCH/ SACCH/FACCH). The
FACCH is not showed in the
diagram as it does not receive
its own time allocation. The
FACCH steals a time period
from the TCH is required.
The 13th frame is used by the
SACCH which carriers link
control information to and
from the mobile and BTS.
The 26th frame is idle.
Downlink
25
IDLE
12
SACCH
0
Uplink
25
12
IDLE
SACCH
74
GSM Fundamentals
Superframe and Hyperframe
75
GSM Fundamentals
Contents

Radio Techniques
76
GSM Fundamentals
Modulation Techniques
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Frequency Modulation (FM)
Phase Modulation (PM)
phase modulation can be implemented easily

for digital signals, this is the method which is
used for the GSM air interfaces. Phase
Modulation is known as Phase Shift Keying
when applied to digital signals
77
GSM Fundamentals
Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK)
1 0 0 1 1
Gaussian
Digital Filter
Phase
Modulator
78
GSM Fundamentals
Power Control
Both Uplink and Downlink

power settings can be
controlled independently
and individually.
8W
0.8W
5W
Saves radio battery power
Reduces co-channel and
adjacent channel interference
79
GSM Fundamentals
VAD and DTX

Voice Activity Detection VAD
Discontinuous Transmission DTX
Battery Saving
Interference reduction
GSM Fundamentals
Multipath Fading
Diversity
Frequency
Hopping
Time Dispersion
81
GSM Fundamentals
Diversity
Approx. 10
wavelengths
When diversity is implemented
two antennas are situated at
the receiver. These antennas
are
placed
several
wavelengths apart to ensure
minimum correlation between
the two receive paths.
The two signals are then

combined, this ensures that a
low signal strength is less likely
to occur.
Compare or
add signals
Resultant Signal
82
GSM Fundamentals
Frequency Hopping
Each time the BTS or mobile transmits a burst, it
does so on a different RF carrier frequency.
Synthesizer Hopping:each
timeslot on a given
transceiver can transmit
at a different frequency
frequency
Baseband Hopping: each

transceiver stays at the
same frequency and the
data is switched to the
appropriate transceiver.
time
83
GSM Fundamentals
Contents

Radio Technologies
84
GSM Fundamentals
GSM User World Wide

1800
1600
Mobile will be the most prolific form of access to internet-based

information, content and services
Millions
1400
1200
1000
Mobile usage
Fixed line (dial-up) overtakes fixed
Mobile
subscribers
subscribers
800
500m Mobile
users
600
PC/NC Internet
users
400
200
Mobile Internet access

overtakes fixed
Mobile Internet
users
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Source: Ericsson Business Consulting
85
GSM Fundamentals
Number of Wireless Subscribers*

Asiacell
Iraq
Thailand
China
6,686,140
Zain
10,111,000
Korek Telecom
665,361
Sanatel
361,431
AIS
27,581,800
DTAC
18,945,227
TRUE
15,004,000
China Mobile
477,160,000
China Unicom
133,365,000
World
4,153,784,344
*Update Q1, 2009 from www.wirelessintelligence.com
86
GSM Fundamentals
Technology Roadmap
1999
2000
2002
GSM (2G)
WAP
HSCSD
GPRS (2.5G)
EDGE (2.75G)
UMTS (3G)
9.6
38.4
64-115
384
Up to 2Mb/s?
DEVICES
DATA SPEED
Kbit/s
TECHNOLOGY
1992
87
GSM Fundamentals
Mobile Service Evolution

Messaging
Hi, Ill see
you at 6
PM
Regards,
Bob
Basic text
messagin
g
Browsing
Corporate access
Multimedia
messaging
with
pictures and
audio
Multimedi
a
messaging
with video
Dial-up
connectio
ns
Always-on,
performance
and security
enhancement
s
Accelerated
connections,
voice and
data
multitasking
Downloading
xHTML for
Instant
WAP and web
connectivity, integration,
color screen, animated
content
Black and white WAP Push
Ringing tones,
screens,
icons,
simple graphics
screensavers,
business cards
Video content
(MMS,
streaming)
Downloadabl
e
applications,
MIDI sounds
88
GSM Fundamentals
Summary
Radio Techniques
89
GSM Fundamentals
Thank You
By Nattapon.Sivamok@asiacell.com [Technical Trainer]
90

GSM Fund

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GSM Fund

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GSM Fundamentals

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Standard Protocol for GSM take effect

GSM system began to provide service in Europe(2G)

System was named as Global System for

Provide services for the whole world

Micro Cell Technique is used in GSM system

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

The Frequency Spectrum

Channel Bandwidth: 200KHz

Duplex Separation: 45 MHz

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Frequency Spectrum in GSM System

ARFCN: Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Frequency Allocation in Iraq

ARFCN: Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Cell Structural in Sulymaniyah

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

What is Frequency Re-Use?

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

How can we reuse frequency?

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Basic Concepts of Cellular Mobile System

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

GSM Network Components

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Subscriber Identity Module SIM

International Mobile Subscriber

* PIN and PUK are used to SIM security

Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

(Base Transceiver Station):

Transmit & Receive signal with MS then transfer to Base Station

Signal Process: Speech Coding, Channel Coding, Interleaving,

However, one BTS has coverage area limited. Size of coverage

A unit of coverage area is called Cell

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Control BTS to process: eg. Call set up, Handover Process,

Measurement traffic statistic

Remote BTS O&M via BSC

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Transcoder and Sub-Multiplexer

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Network Switching System (NSS)

MSC = Mobile Switching Center

VLR = Visitor Location Register

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Mobile Service Switching Center

Operations and Maintenance

Inter-network & Inter-working

Asiacell Telecom Platform Course

Home Location Register (HLR)

Subscriber ID (IMSI and MSISDN)

Current subscriber VLR (current location)