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Engineering Mathematics II
Week 13-14
Fourier Series
Week 13-14
Fourier Series
Chapter Contents:
Introduction to Fourier Series
Calculating a Fourier Series
(Finding the Fourier coefficients)
Week 13-14
Introduction to Fourier Series
The representation of a function in the form of
a series is common in mathematics.
The most familiar expansions are Power
Series:
f ( x) an x n 1, x, x 2 , x 3 ,........, x n
n 0
series:
x
x
x
x
ex
1 x .......... ....
2! 3!
n!
n 0 n!
Week 13-14
Introduction to Fourier Series
Week 13-14
Introduction to Fourier Series
Week 13-14
Introduction to Fourier Series
f (t ) 2 sin t
2
f (t ) 2 sin t sin 2t sin 3t
3
f (t ) 2 sin t sin 2t
2
1
f (t ) 2 sin t sin 2t sin 3t sin 4t
3
2
Week 13-14
Introduction to Fourier Series
Week 13-14
Introduction to Fourier Series
Week 13-14
Calculating a Fourier Series
Week 13-14
Calculating a Fourier Series
n 1,2,3,...
2 T
2nt
bn f (t ) sin
dt ,
T 0
T
n 1,2,3,...
Week 13-14
Calculating a Fourier Series
Week 13-14
Calculating a Fourier Series
Example 1:
Obtain the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function
f (t )2
t ,defined
(0 t by
2 )
f(x) of period
Solution:
Fourier series expansion,
f (t ) a0 an cos nt bn sin nt
(1)
1 d T
a0
f (t )dt
d
2
1
1 d T
b
an f (t ) cos ntdt n
(2)
n 1
n 1
d T
f (t ) sin ntdt
(3) &
(4)
To write out the series expansion of equation (1), we need to
find
d
Week 13-14
Calculating a Fourier Series
Solution (continue):
Given f(t) = t with the interval (0 < t < 2)
1
a
So, 0
2
f (t )dt 1
2
1 t2
tdt
2 2
1 d T
From formula (3):an d f (t ) cos ntdt
1 2
an t cos ntdt
0
2
t cos ntdt
Using integration by parts to solve
1
t cos ntdt
sin nt cos nt
t n n 2
1
an
2 2
1
2
2
2
1 1
1
2 2 0
n n
Week 13-14
Calculating a Fourier Series
Solution (continue):
1 d T
From formula (4): bn d f (t ) sin ntdt
1 2
bn t sin ntdt
0
2
t sin ntdt
Using integration by parts to0 solve
1
bn
1
t sin ntdt
sin nt
t
cos
nt
n
n 2
:
1 2
2
cos 2n
n
n
Week 13-14
Calculating a Fourier Series
Solution (continue):
Thus, the Fourier series expansion from equation (1) :
1
f (t ) a0 an cos nt bn sin nt
2
n 1
n 1
where founda0 ,
an 0
2
bn and
n
2
f (t ) 0 cos nt sin nt
n
n 1
n 1
2
f (t ) sin nt
n 1 n
Week 13-14
Calculating a Fourier Series
Example 2 (Sample Final Exam Semester 2
2009/2010):
Obtain
the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function
2
f ( x) 2
xdefined
x, (by x )
f(x) of period
Solution:
Fourier Series expansion,
n 1
n 1
f ( x) a0 an cos nx bn sin nx
(1) 1
a0
an
2
1
1
bn
-----------------------------
f ( x)dx
f ( x) cos nxdx
f ( x) sin nxdx
--------------------------------------------- (2)
---------------------------------------- (3)
---------------------------------------- (4)
KNF1023
Engineering Mathematics II
The End