Washing Machine Controller

User Interface

Washing and drying tubs

Detergent

Mini Type
Convenient Operation
Many Colors Are Available

Model
Washing/Spin Capacity

XPB05-15
6.2 kg/5.2 kg

Rate Power

Washing 360W
Spin 180W
3.5 Kg
4.8 Kg
348x348x378 mm

Net Weight
Gross Weight
Exterior size ( LxWxH )

Fully Automatic
Course Selection:
Fuzzy Light/Blanket/Heavy/Wool/Economic
Function: Wash/Rinse/Spin.Various Auto Programs
Auto Power Off
Detergent Box

Model
Washing/Spin Capacity

XQB52-88
5.2 kg/5.2 kg

Rate Power

Washing 340W
Spin 340W
31 Kg
36 Kg
575x595x1020 mm

Net Weight
Gross Weight
Exterior size ( LxWxH )

Cleaning Clothes
Operating a washing machine is pretty simple:

There are a few things to decide before you start your load of
clothes, such as how big the load is (small, medium, large, extra
large), what temperature the water will be for the wash and
rinse cycles (cold/cold, warm/cold, warm/warm, hot/cold), how
the machine should agitate (delicate, knit, permanent press,
heavy), and how long the cycles should last (number of
minutes, based on how soiled your clothes are).
After you fill the tub with clothes, the machine fills the tub
with water, and then stirs the clothes around using an agitator.
After some time agitating, the washer drains the water and
then spins the clothes to remove most of the water. Then, it
refills, and agitates the clothes some more to rinse out the soap.
Then it drains and spins again.

Key Specifications/Special Features:

Controlling sine wave DC brushless motor with DSP chip
and loop control of strict sine vibration location
Totally solving the problem of washer winding
Completely intellectualized, set up automatically washing
time, water flow, water level, dehydration and rotating-speed,
etc.
Realizing non-polarized speed adjustment
Weighing precisely, "self-study" function
Energy-saving and consumption-reducing, automatically
allocating the parameters of washing time and power, etc.

Fuzzy control, adopting parameter automatic

adjustment, intelligent integral, reasoning dynamically
modification
Controlling fabric texture, quantity and water level
Adopting DSP to fulfill all kinds of controller solutions
and multifunctional driving conveniently
Adopting new type sensor

Voice hint and voice identification with imported chip, saving

multiple voice messages, preparation control and storage
information
LCD backlight display mode
PC long-distance monitoring function
Musical buzz function

Over the years, the concept of adaptive control has continued to

expand and can now be found in almost every industry. The
automotive sector, for example, has quite a few adaptive concepts.
Probably the best known automotive adaptive system is antiskid
braking.
Currently, intelligent design typically involves motion systems that
have control or computing capabilities, sensors, and feedback loops.
However, just a single component could be intelligent. For example, it
is possible for a motor to measure its own speed, or for a bearing to
sense the force being applied to it.
Intelligent design has also contributed to the move towards
distributed motion-control systems. The trend here is to place
intelligence further away from the central controller, and closer to
what is being controlled.

All this is made possible by ever-shrinking microprocessors and

increasing processing speed. Microprocessors and digital signal
processors have more functions built into the chip, requiring fewer
supporting chips, thereby taking up less board space. This makes it
possible to buy motors with built-in controllers and drives.
But intelligent design has progressed beyond the realm of motion
control. Intelligent design, and its close cousin embedded systems
(placing microprocessors and sensors in places you wouldn't
imagine), are making their presence known in the world of consumer
goods. For example, designers are embedding computers in
refrigerators and washing machines, and putting piezoelectric
materials in skis.

In the near future, your washing machine will request

service for itself without your knowledge. Some day soon,
a repairperson may show up at your door and say that
your washing machine e-mailed a request for a new
bearing. This is coming down the pike: more computing
power, "smarter" devices, and a future that looks
increasingly like the Jetson household.

Philips 51LPC
Microcontrollers and Triacs in
White Good Applications
A washing-machine example

Customers Benefit
+Low sensitive Triacs simple driving circuit
+P87LPC764 microcontroller very few external components
+Trigger on current-zero-crossing low supply current
+Very simple Power-supply

=Low cost

The Demo
The Triacs
The power-supply
The micro

The User Interface

ContentsButtons and Switches

A user-interface

A cheap and powerful

microcontroller

A power-interface (Triacs)

Power devices (Valves, Pumps, Motors)

Indicators

Philips Semiconductors

LPC76x
Family

Low System-Cost Feature-Set

- 8-bit System-on-Silicon
- Low -Power 2x speed C51+

Analog
Comparators

core

Ports
0, 1, 2

Accelerated 80C51 CPU Core

4KBytes OTP
128 Bytes RAM

UART

I2C

System Supervisory

pwr-on-reset, w /dog, brownout detect

Keyboard
Interrupt

Internal 6MHz Multi-Function

RC Oscillator low-power Osc.

Timer 0/1
(16-bit)

- Reduced system-cost
innovations
- Many high-volume applications:
Lamp Ballasts, Motor Contr.,
HVAC,
Smoke Detectors, White-Goods
etc.

On-Chip Memory &

Peripherals
- Up to 4KB OTP Program Code
for Micropower applications
- 128 Bytes RAM for Data
- On-chip System Supervisor

87LPC760
87LPC761
87LPC762

LPC76x Family Features/Applications

door lock control

1K OTP

Low Cost 14 Pin

2K OTP

87LPC768

UART, I2C,
BOD

16 Pin Packages

2K OTP

UART, I2C,
BOD

Low Cost Digital Applications

+
I2C EEPROMs
and Peripherals
UART,
I2C,

87LPC764 4K OTP
87LPC767

UART, I2C,
BOD

BOD

I2C,
4K OTP UART,
BOD

ADC

Analog Sensor Measurements

I2C,
4K OTP UART,
BOD

ADC

PWM

Motor Control, TRIAC & Bridge Drivers

87LPC769 4K OTP

UART, I2C,
BOD

ADC/DAC DAC

Low-Cost Voice, Audio & Analog Outputs

mirror control
window lift control
air quality sensor
security systems
temp. sensors
car communication
CD, Tape-modules
climate control /
HVAC
motor control
LCD backlight
control
alarm systems
head / back lighting
compass
LIN slave

User interface

Functional blocks of a washing-machine

example
Tumble motor
rd
a
rw
o
f

reverse
Sw
itch
o

Sw

itc
h

Water inlet pump

n/o
ff

on

/o
ff

Drain valve

The User-Interface

Should be simple and cheap.

LED's as indicators.

Buttons and switches for the user input and machine-control

E.g.:
4 LEDs to indicate program-selection for four different programs.
3 LEDs to indicate state of the washing-machine. (ready, washing, idle)
2 Buttons. (Program-select, Start/Pause)
2 Switches for machine-control. (Lid is open, water maximum reached)

The User-Interface
P87LPC76x
Microcontroller

Column Select
Row1

4
Program
1

Program
2

Program
3

ready

washing

idle

Program
4

Row2
Program
select

Start/
Pause

Lid open

Row3

The matrix-structure allows eleven elements on seven pins

Water
level
max

Update Time
To avoid a flickering of the Leds, these should be updated at least
with 80Hz. This leads to an update-time of 12,5ms. In this time all
seven states have to be cycled trough. The panel-update routine
must therefore be accessed every ~1,8ms.

TimerISR

Every 1,8ms

Panelroutine

The Microcontroller circuitry

The power supply.
The reset circuit.
The brown-out detection.
The oscillator.
The voltage zero crossing detection.
The current zero crossing detection.

P87LPC76x

The P87LPC76x power supply from mains

Cheap for Low Power

2 diodes and dropper RC
2 diodes and dropper R
(low current)
Can drive up to 80mA
Gatepulses

The P87LPC76x reset circuit

None, its on
chip

The P87LPC76x brown-out detection

None, its on chip
Configurable for 2,5V or
3,8V.

The P87LPC76x oscillator

None, 6Mhz RC-oscillator on chip.
Configurable for:
Internal RC
External low frequency oscillator (20kHz-100kHz)
External medium frequency oscillator (100kHz4Mhz)
External high frequency oscillator (4Mhz-20Mhz)
External Clock attached to X1

Switching the triacs

The Turn-on of triac is done at voltage-zero-crossing of the mains

voltage.
To avoid current-jumps, the retriggering is done at current-zero-crossing
detection.

Voltage Zero Crossing Detection

+5V
Line

D1

R1
Neutral
1M
D2

LPC
0V

Any LPC Input except IC-pins

Internal Clamping Diodes
Falling Edge Interrupt
Schmitt Trigger
Single Current Limiting
Resistor

Gate Voltage Supervision Circuit

+5V
Line

OUT

R1
22k

T1
BTA216-600D

R2
1k

LPC

Rgate

R3
22k

R4
100k

RLoad

R5
100k
Neutral

0V

Senses Current Zero

Crossing
Window Comparator

0V

0V

Compares Gate Voltage

Supervision of Latch Status
Detects false Commutation

Gate Voltage Supervision Circuit

Voltage Window
Gate Voltage / 2
Output Port

Self Retriggering
Detects false
Commutation
Adjustable to Load

The washing-program software

Located in non volatile memory, e.g. code
space, EEProm or IC-EEPROM etc.
Sequence of basic instructions like rotate
forward, open drain valve, water in etc.
Wait functionality is implemented with a timer.

Structure of the commands

Basic intructions
//Commands
Lets water in

#define cWaterIn1
#define cWaterStop

Stop the water-inlet

#define cOpenDrain

Open the drain-valve

#define cCloseDrain

Close the drain-valve

#define cFwd

Rotate forward

#define cRev

Rotate reverse

#define cStop

Stop rotating

#define cEnd

End of program

#define cBeep

Do a beep with a sounder

#define cWaitLevel

10

Wait until the water-level switch opens

#define cSpin

11

Spin

Washing program example

description

The power-supply

VZC
detect

The Demo
The Triacs

CZC
detect
The User Interface

Philips Semiconductors

LPC900 Family
Low-Power 3V Flash MCU
0.35Flash Process
8KB 3V Low-Power IAP/ISP Flash
512B EEPROM
768B SRAM

6x Accelerated 80C51 core

Analog
Comparators

Improved speed, power & EMC

Ports
0,1,2,3

8K ISP/
512B
768B
IAP
Data
SRAM
Flash EEPROM

Power Management, RTC, WDT,

power-on-reset, brownout detect

Internal 2.5%
7.3728 MHz
RC Oscillator

32x PLL

600% Accelerated C51 Core

Keypad/
Pattern Match
Interrupt

Timer
0/1
16-bit

16-bit PWM
Enh.
Capture/
UART
Compare

I2C

SPI

Innovative peripherals
Enh. UART + Baudrate Generator
3Mb/s SPI & 400 Kb/s I2C serial I/O
16-bit Capture/Compare/PWM Unit

Packages: TSSOP/PLCC/HVQFN28
Low Cost Development
Starter kits (around $50)
In-Circuit Debugger/Compiler
All-in-one Package (under $200)
Full Trace Emulation (under $500)

 Easy solution to control loads at mains supply with

Philips LPC and Triacs
Very cheap and simple power-supply due to low supply
current
Offers a universal "one-for-all" control method for any
load with load supervision
New method for detecting zero-crossing of load Current
without shunt resistor in the load circuit

ApplicationNote
AN467:
www.semiconductors.com/mcu
Phase Control and Switching
Triac Driving
Zero-Crossing Detection
Triac Supervision
Synchronization to Mains
Emulation @ Mains SUPPLY
Power Supply
Phase Control Example
Continuous Conduction Example

Thanks for your interest

Washing machine demonstration

The demo board

Summary of technical features

A fully functioning controller for a top-loading washing machine that uses a
reversible induction motor
Integrates Philips microcontroller and triacs
Low total component count
Circuit optimised for reliability and low cost
Most triacs driven directly from microcontroller (driver IC not required)
Gate triggering uses voltage zero cross detection for minimum EMI
Resistor-less current zero cross detection uses triac gate voltage monitoring
intelligent triggering of motor triacs minimises power supply current and allows the
use of the best Hi-Com triacs (highest I GT)
simple, low-current 5V logic supply uses R-C dropper

User interface includes LEDs, push buttons and audible sounder

Software provided and includes a full suite of wash programmes
Board is complete and ready to connect to your washing machine

User interface
Push buttons:
PROGRAMME - steps through the five programmes in turn
STEP - selects which sections of the programme to run
START/PAUSE - starts and pauses the programme

Light Emitting Diodes:

Wash programmes: SOAK, STANDARD, GENTLE, STRONG,
FAST
Programme sections: WASH, RINSE, DRAIN

Audible sounder:
makes a short sound for every valid button push
signals the end of the programme by five long sounds

Making it work
Mains power supply is 180 - 260V, 50 60Hz.
Use in
stand-alone mode or
connected to a top-loading washing machine

Stand-alone mode (1)

Manual water level switch
replaces the machines water level switch function.
Contacts closed when full, contacts open when
empty.
Set to empty before starting the programme to
allow fill sequence to commence.
Set to full to allow programme to progress.
Set to empty during drain sequence to allow
programme to progress.

Stand-alone mode (2)

Spin disable
a machine safety feature that is activated if the load is severely
unbalanced or if the lid is lifted.
It shuts everything down and halts the programme for a set
timeout period after the fault has cleared.
It is bypassed by connecting a wire link across the spin cut-out
terminals.
Spin cut-out terminals must be closed for the programme to
progress through a spin sequence.

NOTE: 100W loads minimum must be connected to motor

forward and motor reverse outputs. If a suitable motor is
not available, 100W - 150W lamps are suggested.

Stand-alone mode (3)

What happens if the motor load is too small?
The microcontroller applies gate pulses only when the load current is
close to zero and the triac is about to commutate (turn off).
If the load current is very small, it will spend more time close to zero.
The microcontroller must apply more gate pulses to maintain
continuous conduction.
More gate pulses mean more current demand from the 5V logic supply.
Our demo board has a simple R-C power supply of limited current
capability.
A load substantially lower than 100W requires more gate pulses than
the power supply can sustain.
The 5V logic supply drops below the microcontrollers brownout
detection threshold, causing it to reset.

Connected to a washing
machine

Connect the five outputs: water inlet valve, motor forward,

motor reverse, power switch trip and drain valve.
Drain valve output also releases the spin brake.

Connect water level switch (contacts open when empty).

Manual water level switch must be set to empty to open its
contacts and allow the demo board to see the machines water
level switch.

Connect spin cut-out switch (contacts normally closed to

enable spin).
At end of programme, the power switch trip output is
activated to switch off the power switch.

Wash programmes
1. STANDARD
Default programme on power-up
Used for most everyday washing
Available options:

WASH + RINSE + DRAIN

WASH only
DRAIN only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
RINSE + DRAIN

Wash programmes
2. GENTLE
The most gentle programme with minimum
agitation for delicate fabrics including woollens
Available options:

WASH + RINSE + DRAIN

WASH only
DRAIN only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
RINSE + DRAIN

Wash programmes
3. STRONG
The longest programme - more vigorous
agitation, more rinses, more water and longer
spins for very dirty clothes
Available options:

WASH + RINSE + DRAIN

WASH only
DRAIN only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
RINSE + DRAIN

Wash programmes
4. FAST
The shortest programme - very quick, with
one rinse for lightly soiled clothes
Available options:

WASH + RINSE + DRAIN

WASH only
DRAIN only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN
RINSE + DRAIN

Wash programmes
5. SOAK
Normal agitation with extended soaking
periods to loosen ingrained dirt
Available options:

WASH + RINSE + DRAIN

WASH only
WASH + RINSE
WASH + DRAIN

Demo board PCB

Demo board schematic

Power supply

Power outputs

Voltage zero cross detection

Current zero cross detection by

gate voltage monitoring

User interface

Intelligent triggering of motor triacs

- minimises power supply current and allows the use
of the best Hi-Com triacs (highest IGT)

Gate current

Load current

Intelligent triggering of motor triacs

- minimises power supply current and allows the use
of the best Hi-Com triacs (highest IGT)

Gate current

Load current

8A 1000V Hi-Com triac in SOT186A for

high AC mains voltages:
BTA208X-1000B

Unique to Philips!

Benefits of BTA208X1000B

High Commutation

less risk of triac damage through uncontrolled turn-on

less false triggering with difficult reactive loads
fewer protection components required (snubbers, capacitors &
inductors)
better control maintained at high temperature

High voltage blocking capability

higher voltage headroom
higher reliability in high voltage applications
less risk of false triggering through overvoltage

High IGT
optimised at 50mA max for best possible commutation performance

Isolated package
provides 2500V RMS isolation from the mounting base

BTA208X-1000B applications
(general)
Reversible induction motors where mains
voltage is boosted by autotransformer stepup in the motor windings
High mains voltage supplies
Applications requiring extra voltage
headroom for improved immunity to false
triggering by overvoltage

BTA208X-1000B applications
(specific)
Top-loading washing machines
Tumble dryers
Industrial motor forward/reverse controls
doors
roller shutters
conveyors

Three-phase mains loads operating at 440V

http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/news/infocus/
IntelligentControllers/

Replace belt. not. Loose pulleys. Tighten pulleys. Belt off pulleys.
Replace belt on pulleys. Faulty timer. Replace timer. Inoperative clutch.
Adjust clutch. Broken gear in transmission. Repair transmission. Loose
connection at time or clutch solenoid. Tighten connection. Washer washes
but does not Water in tub. Check operation of water pump. spin. Faulty
timer. Replace timer. Faulty clutch or transmission. Replace clutch or
transmission. Loose connection in spin circuit. Tighten connection. No
water enters tub. Clogged screen at water valve. Clean screen. Loose
connection in water valve solenoid circuit. Tighten connection. Defective
solenoid. Replace solenoid. Water valve stuck. Repair valve. Defective
timer. Replace timer. Water does not drain. Clogged drain valve screen.
Clean screen. Defective water pump. Replace water pump. Drain hose
plugged. Unplug hose. Defective timer. Replace timer. Pump belt
broken. Replace belt. Noisy operation. Loose pulleys. Tighten pulleys.
Cracked belt. Replace belt. Worn transmission. Replace transmission.
Worn pump. Replace pump. Loose cabinet parts. Tighten parts. Agitator
operates when basket Improper electrical connection at timer. Correct
condition. spins. Defective clutch. Repair clutch. Washer stalls when
running. Frozen bearing. Replace bearing. Transmission jammed. Replace

Cooking Time controller of Oven

Cooking Time & Temp. controller

Cooking machine &
Kitchenware

Washing Machine Controller