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Chapter 5
Table of Contents
Section 1 Work
Section 2 Energy
Section 3 Conservation of Energy
Section 4 Power
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Work
Objectives
Recognize the difference between the scientific and
ordinary definitions of work.
Define work by relating it to force and displacement.
Identify where work is being performed in a variety of
situations.
Calculate the net work done when many forces are
applied to an object.
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Work
Definition of Work
Work is done on an object when a force causes a
displacement of the object.
Work is done only when components of a force are
parallel to a displacement.
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Work
Definition of Work
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Chapter 5
Section 1 Work
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
Objectives
Identify several forms of energy.
Calculate kinetic energy for an object.
Apply the workkinetic energy theorem to solve
problems.
Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.
Classify different types of potential energy.
Calculate the potential energy associated with an
objects position.
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy
The energy of an object that is due to the objects
motion is called kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy depends on speed and mass.
1
KE mv 2
2
1
2
kinetic energy = mass speed
2
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
Kinetic Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
Potential Energy
Potential Energy is the energy associated with an
object because of the position, shape, or condition of
the object.
Gravitational potential energy depends on height
from a zero level.
PEg = mgh
gravitational PE = mass free-fall acceleration height
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
Potential Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
elastic PE =
1
2
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
Spring Constant
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
Sample Problem
Potential Energy
A 70.0 kg stuntman is attached to a bungee cord with
an unstretched length of 15.0 m. He jumps off a
bridge spanning a river from a height of 50.0 m.
When he finally stops, the cord has a stretched
length of 44.0 m. Treat the stuntman as a point mass,
and disregard the weight of the bungee cord.
Assuming the spring constant of the bungee cord is
71.8 N/m, what is the total potential energy relative to
the water when the man stops falling?
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
1 2
kx
2
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Chapter 5
Section 2 Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
Objectives
Identify situations in which conservation of
mechanical energy is valid.
Recognize the forms that conserved energy can
take.
Solve problems using conservation of mechanical
energy.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
Conserved Quantities
When we say that something is conserved, we mean
that it remains constant.
Mechanical Energy is conserved in the absence of
friction and air resistance
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy and
all forms of potential energy associated with an object
or group of objects.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy is often conserved.
MEi = Mef
OR
PEi + KEi = PEf + Kef
means
mghi + mvi2 = mghf + mvf2
initial mechanical energy = final mechanical energy
(in the absence of friction)
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
Sample Problem
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
Starting from rest, a child zooms down a frictionless
slide from an initial height of 3.00 m. What is her
velocity at the bottom of the slide? Assume she has a
mass of 25.0 kg.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
Mechanical Energy is
not conserved in the
presence of friction.
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Chapter 5
Section 4 Power
Objectives
Relate the concepts of energy, time, and power.
Calculate power in two different ways.
Explain the effect of machines on work and power.
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Chapter 5
Section 4 Power
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Chapter 5
Section 4 Power
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Chapter 5
Section 4 Power
Power
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Chapter 5
Multiple Choice
1. In which of the following situations is work not being
done?
A. A chair is lifted vertically with respect to the floor.
B. A bookcase is slid across carpeting.
C. A table is dropped onto the ground.
D. A stack of books is carried at waist level across a
room.
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2v
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Short Response
11. A student with a mass of 66.0 kg climbs a staircase
in 44.0 s. If the distance between the base and the
top of the staircase is 14.0 m, how much power will
the student deliver by climbing the stairs?
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Chapter 5
Extended Response
Base your answers to questions 1416 on the
information below.
A projectile with a mass of 5.0 kg is shot horizontally
from a height of 25.0 m above a flat desert surface.
The projectiles initial speed is 17 m/s. Calculate the
following for the instant before the projectile hits the
surface:
14. The work done on the projectile by gravity.
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Chapter 5
Section 3 Conservation of
Energy
Mechanical Energy
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