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Circuit Theory 1
Chapter 3
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
CONTENTS Chapter 3
1. INTRODUCTION
2. AMPERES CIRCUITAL LAW
3. KIRCHOFFS VOLTAGE LAW (KVL) IN
4.
5.
6.
7.
MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
KIRCHOFFS CURRENT LAW (KCL) IN
MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
AIR GAPS
SERIES MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
SERIES-PARALLEL MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
1. INTRODUCTION
Magnetism or magnetic circuit is important in
Flux Density, B
b. Permeability,
c. Relative Permeability, r
a.
A = area [m2]
B = flux
density [T]
b. Permeability,
The strength of magnetic field will vary
o r
Where,
free
H/m)
o = permeabilty of
space (4 x 10-7
r = relative permeabilty of
the core
A.m]
= permeability [Wb/
c. Relative Permeability, r
It is the ratio of permeability of a material, to that of free
space, o
r
o
Example:
Material
Air
Permalloy
100,000
Cast Steel
1,000
Sheet Steel
4,000
Iron
5,195
Ferromagnetic
r >> 1
2. AMPERES CIRCUITAL
LAW
Magnetic circuit is like an electric circuit in the
2. AMPERES CIRCUITAL
LAW
Similarity between electric circuit and magnetic
circuit
Electric Circuit
Magnetic Circuit
I
Current, I = V/R
[A]
Reluctance ,
A A
Conductivity, [1/m]
Permeability,
[Wb/ A.m]
Magnetizing Force
Resistance, R = V/I
[]
[ At / Wb ]
[Wb/m2 or T]
[At/m]
V 0
Magnetic Circuit
F 0
F NI 0
F H
NI H
where;
H = magnetizing force
= length of section
F 0
NI ( H) cast iron ( H) cast steel ( H) sheet steel
NI ( H)
- All terms are known except magnetizing force (H) for each
material
- H can be obtained from B-H Curve (if flux, or flux density, B is
known)
Junction
x
b
N
=0
At junction x:
a = b + c
5. AIR GAPS
Many practical electromagnetic has a small opening call an air gap.
When an air gap occurs in magnetic circuit, the flux at the edge
g c
Known as fringing
Figure (a)
Figure (b)
For our purpose, the fringing effect is neglected and the flux
distribution is assume to be as Figure (b).
Flux density of air gap, where;
g core
Ag
Ag Acore
Bg
g o
Bg Bcore
6. SERIES MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
Example 2: Series Magnetic Circuit
Determine the current, I required to establish the
indicated flux of
the core.
ab cd ef af 10 cm
Given:
bc de 1 cm
cross sec tional area; A 4 10 4 m 2
magnetic flux; 3.5 10 4 Wb
6. SERIES MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
Example 3: Series Magnetic Circuit with Air Gap
Find the current, I required to establish the magnetic
flux,
Given:
bc air gap 2 10 3 m
cdefab 100 10 3 m
cross sec tional area; A 1.5 10 4 m 2
7. SERIES-PARALLEL
MAGNETIC CIRCUIT
The close analogies between electric and magnetic circuits
A 6 10 4 m 2