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Information
Systems
9th Edition
Marshall B. Romney
Paul John Steinbart
4-1
Relational Databases
Chapter 4
4-2
Learning Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
4-3
Introduction
Ashton Fleming, the accountant for
S&S, believes that the best way to
provide Susan Gonzalez and Scott
Parry with easy access to the
information they need to run their
business is to build S&Ss new AIS as
a database system.
4-4
Introduction
Ashton decides to prepare a brief
report for them addressing the
following questions:
What is a database system?
What is a relational database system?
How do you design a relational
database?
4-5
Introduction
This chapter explains what a
database is and how it differs from a
file-oriented system.
It also describes the structure of a
relational database system.
The chapter concludes by discussing
the basic steps involved in designing
a database.
4-6
Learning Objective 1
4-7
Types of Files
4-8
File Approach
4-9
File-Oriented Approach
File 1
Fact A
Fact B
Fact C
Sales
Program
File 2
Fact B
Fact D
Fact E
Shipping
Program
File 3
Fact A
Fact G
Fact E
Billing
Program
2003 Prentice Hall Business
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4-10
Databases
4-11
Databases
Database management system
(DBMS) is the program that manages
and controls access to the database.
Database system is the combination
of the database, the DBMS, and the
application program that uses the
database.
Database administrator (DBA) is the
person responsible for the database.
4-12
Database Approach
Database
Sales Program
Fact A
Fact B
Fact C
Database
management
system
Shipping
Program
Fact D
Billing
Program
Fact E
4-13
Learning Objective 2
4-14
Relational Databases
A data model is an abstract
representation of the contents of a
database.
The relational data model represents
everything in the database as being
stored in the form of tables.
Technically, these tables are called
relations.
4-15
Relational Databases
4-16
Learning Objective 3
4-17
It
4-18
4-19
DBMS
48
65
Operating
system
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Database
4-20
4-21
Schemas
A schema describes the logical
structure of a database.
There are three levels of schemas:
1
2
3
Conceptual-level schema
External-level schema
Internal-level schema
4-22
Schemas
The conceptual-level schema is an
organization-wide view of the entire
database.
The external-level schema consists of
a set of individual user views of
portions of the database, also referred
to as a subschema.
The internal-level schema provides a
low-level view of the database.
4-23
Schemas
Subschema A
Jackson 210
Houston 100
Subschema B
r
Subschema C
r
xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
Inventory
Sales
Customer
Cash receipt
2003 Prentice Hall Business
Publishing,
4-24
Schemas
Inventory
Sales
Customer
Cash receipt
Mapping conceptual level facts to internal level descriptions
Inventory Record
Item number integer (5), non-null, index =
itemx Description character (15)
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4-25
4-26
4-27
4-28
DBMS Languages
4-29
DDL Language
4-30
DML Language
The data manipulation language
(DML) is used for data maintenance.
What does it include?
4-31
DQL Language
The data query language (DQL) is
used to interrogate the database.
The DQL retrieves, sorts, orders, and
presents subsets of the database in
response to user queries.
4-32
Learning Objective 4
4-33
2.
3.
4.
4-34
4-35
4-36
4-37
Approaches to
Database Design
Normalization
Starts
4-38
4-39
End of Chapter 4
4-40