CCTV SYSTEMS Networks

CCTV Digital Basics
Unit 3 Networks
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U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Objectives
After completing this unit, you will be able to:

Define the elements of network traffic
Describe how network traffic is controlled and checked
Define Bits and Bytes, and their relationship
Convert Bytes to Bits
Describe bandwidth and how it impacts network traffic
Calculate network bandwidth requirements
Identify and describe the functions of different network
components
U3 Department
Unit 3 Networks
Factors to consider for network CCTV
The size of the security network

Number of cameras, and monitoring points
The extent of the network system (LAN, WAN)
Functions of security system
Monitor only for observations
Monitor for identification and security control of
environment
Type and capacity of network
Bandwidth of network components
Firewall and network security issues
Network traffic volume
U3 Department
Unit 3 Networks
Network building blocks
Computer and operating system software
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Network connectivity
Network peripherals
U3 Department
Unit 3 Networks
Three Basic Types of Networks
Client/Server network:
Servers - Share resources such as files,
printers, memory space and by their ability to
connect to other network systems.
Clients - Computers configured to use the
resources of server computers.
Peer-to-Peer network:
Every computer is an equal and can function
as a client and a server. Networks limited to
10-15 computers on a single LAN system.
Point-to-point network:
The most basic type of network with a direct
connection between two computers only.
U3 Department
Unit 3 Networks
Half-duplex vs. Full-duplex
Half-duplexing Network communications

going in only one direction at a time.
Most LAN systems
Coax cable
Full-duplexing Network communications

going in two directions at the same time.
Most WAN systems
Separate channel required
Twisted pair or fiber optics
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Bandwidth
Digital Bandwidth
Analog Bandwidth
Measures the data transfer rate of

data within a set time period (sec.)
Bits/second is the measurement
used.
Measures the difference between

the highest and lowest
wavelength frequency. Hertz is
the measurement used.
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Bytes to Bits Conversions
Bytes = File sizes (10 MB), Hard drive size (100 GB)
bits = Data transfer rate, bandwidth (56 Kbps, 10Mbps)
There are usually 8 bits in every Byte.
Multiply the Byte file size X 8.
15,000 Bytes x 8 = 120,000 bits (120K)
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Calculating Digital Video Bandwidth
Determine video output (bps)
(Video signal size X #* bits) X IPS = Video output
(15,000 X 8) X 30 ips = 3,600,000 bits/sec (3.6 Mbps)
Camera requires 3.6 Mbps bandwidth
* The number of bits is determined by the digital processor.

In this example an 8 bit processor is used.
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network Capacity for Video
How many cameras can a network take?
About 65% of network bandwidth is available
1. Network Bandwidth X 65% = Usable bandwidth
100,000,000 X 0.65 = 65,000,000 bps maximum
2. Available bandwidth / Camera bandwidth =
Maximum video connections allowed
65,000,000 / 3,600,000 = 18 camera connections
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network Communications
There is a continuous stream of data traffic on
networks (35% volume). Checks for network
connections, device availability, routing information,
self diagnostics.
Data is sent in packets with header information.
Who are you? (addressing)
What type of device are you? (functionality)
Where are you located? (routing)
Do you speak my language? (protocols)
Are we allowed to talk to each other? (security)
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network Communications
There is a continuous stream of data traffic on
networks (35% volume). Checks for network
connections, device availability, routing information,
self diagnostics.
Data is sent in packets with header information.
I am
nickname training room
Who161.88.16.2
are you? (addressing)
I am
a User
PC
What
type of
device are you? (functionality)
I am
in subnet
Where
are youaddress
located?161.88.16.0
(routing)
I communicate
using
TCP/IP (protocols)
Do you speak my
language?
is your
password?
What
Are we
allowed
to talk to each other? (security)
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Protocols
Sets of rules or standards that controls or enables
the connection, communication, and data transfer
between two computing destinations.
Some common network protocols:
Ethernet Suite of protocols for LAN networks.
10Base-T (10 Mbps) 1000Base-T (1000 Mbps)
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) Suite
of protocols based for both private networks and
internet
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Uses IP and a subset of
TCP. For small data packets, fast transmission rates
by not checking packet information
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
International Communication Standards
Standards for sending voice, video and data over
digital or normal telephone lines.
ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network) phone WAN
systems. Between 128 384 Kbps.
DSL (Digital Subscription Line) Always on WAN phone
systems. 128 Kbps upstream, up to 8 Mbps
downstream.
Often referred to as last mile technology to connect
home/office to telephone switch. Not used between
switching stations.
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network devices
Hub A number of ports for connecting nodes on a
LAN network. Sends the data to all connected nodes.
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network devices
Switch Multiple ports that connect to different
nodes.
Has memory and processing function that identifies
IP addresses and directs the data to the specific
addressed node(s).
Usually has more throughput than Hubs.
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network devices
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network devices
Routers Connecting points between different
network systems.
They direct the data to the specific addressed
networks, and are smart in that they can identify the
best transmission route.
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network devices
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network devices
Gateways Function as an addressed node on
networks and act as the entrance point to the
network it has domain over.
Can function as both a proxy server and firewall.
Works with a Router to direct data to the proper IP
addressed nodes.
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Network devices
U3 -
Unit 3 Networks
Answer the review questions

for Unit 3
U3 -
Unit 1 Defining Digital
U3 -

CCTV SYSTEMS Networks

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CCTV Digital Basics

After completing this unit, you will be able to:

The size of the security network

Computer and operating system software

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Half-duplexing Network communications

Full-duplexing Network communications

Measures the data transfer rate of

Measures the difference between

* The number of bits is determined by the digital processor.

Answer the review questions

Unit 1 Defining Digital

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