MODELLING OF A LARGE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

AND COMPUTATION OF THE AUTO RECLOSING TIMING OF

THE CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR ITS TRANSIENT STABILITY.

M.TECH THESIS MID-TERM REVIEW

GAURAV RAI
GUIDE-Dr.D.N.BADODKAR
SO/C
HEAD,DRHR,BARC.
OCES-57th BATCH
TECH.ADIVISERV.SANKARANARAYANAN
NPCIL
SO/H,Engg.(Elect.)-LWR
NPCIL.

PRESENTATION ITINERARY
THESIS

IN BREIF
WORK DONE
o
o
o

LITERATURE SURVEY
DATA COLLECTION
SIMULATION

WORK

ENVISAGED IN FUTURE
MODIFICATIONS/CHANGES PROPOSED IN
THE THESIS

PROJECT IN BREIF

The thesis envisages to model a large Synchronous Generator along with the
necessary systems like the turbine, governor and automatic voltage regulator etc.

The generator will be synchronised to the grid via a circuit breaker and a generator
transformer.

The software being used for this purpose is PSCAD which is an electrical
simulation software with rich library of electrical equipment.

The simulation of the Synchronous Generator will pave way for study of transient
behaviour of this large synchronous generator by simulating a fault at the generator
terminals.

Now further, auto-reclosing timing computations will be done for transient stability
of the Synchronous Generator.

The possible effects of using auto-reclosing scheme on a large synchronous

generator is also envisaged to be studied in this thesis.

Insulation coordination study from the generator terminals to the outgoing

transmission lines for incoming and internal surge sources is also proposed to
be analyzed in this thesis.

HOW SOFTWARE MODELLING IS PERFORMED

PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design) is a powerful and flexible

graphical user interface to the world-renowned, EMTDC electromagnetic
transient simulation engine.

PSCAD enables the user to schematically construct a circuit, run a simulation,

analyse the results, and manage the data in a completely integrated, graphical
environment.
Online plotting functions, controls and meters are also included, enabling the
user to alter system parameters during a simulation run, and thereby view the
effects while the simulation is in progress.
EMTDC is an iterative solution engine used in PSCAD for the solution of the
differential equations. It is a kind of EMTP(Electromagnetic Transient
Program) which has been widely used by electrical engineers around the world
to solve power system transient stability studies.

CONTINUED....

The software uses various mathematical techniques for modelling

the electrical equipment.
The Synchronous Generator is being modelled using Dq0
transformation.
The induction motor is also modelled using the same
mathematical technique.
The transformers are modelled as a reactance.
The circuit breaker is modelled as a high resistor when in tripped
condition otherwise a low resistance.
The transmission lines are developed based on Bergeron model.

SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE

MODEL
AVR

GC
B

Sy.
G.

TURBIN
E

GT

GOVERNO
R

AUXILIARY
LOAD

GRI
D

WORK DONE TILL NOW- SIMULATION

The stand alone generator model has been developed.

The data for the modelling of this large synchronous generator has been taken
from the currently operating NPCIL plants and the manufacturers such as
Schneider and Alstom.
To make the generator more realistic and practical in its response towards any
kind of transient being simulated to test its stability, the standard exciter and
voltage regulator has also been used to control the excitation based on loading
the Generator.
The auxiliary power supply and loads which are necessary for any nuclear
power producing entity system has also been developed where the auxiliary
load is 6% of the rated capacity of the generator.
The approach employed towards the development of the model of a large
synchronous generator and its associated system has been of that of a block
diagram technique.

This is done to ensure proper clarity in the model once completed.

To explain the approach here is an example:- the generator has been developed
and modelled separately and has been integrated to the rest of the system via a
block which is named as Generator
Similarly for others.
After stand alone modelling , the different equipments were integrated together
and their synchronism was checked.
The rest is visible from the simulation snapshots.

TYPICAL DATA USED FOR SOME EQUIPMENT

Synchronous Generator
Parameters

Value of the parameter

Power

1000MWe

Voltage

24kV

Current in stator

26.75kA

Operating Power Factor(envisaged)

frequency

0.9
50Hz

Rotor speed of rotation

3000rpm

Efficiency

95%

Generator Transformer

Value of the parameters

Voltage ratio

24/400kV

Rating

3x417MVA

Impedance rating

14%

Typical load considered(hv

motor)

Value of the parameter

Operating voltage

6kV

Type of motor

Induction Motor(Squirrel Cage)

Power rating

7MWe

Speed of operation

3000rpm

Number of poles

MODEL OF THE SYNCHRONOUS

GENERATOR AND A TEST RUN
RESULTS

WORK ENVISAGED IN FUTURE

Optimizing the model to reach a practical values of power factor and other
parameters to suit our purpose.
Simulating one of the following faults to test the Synchronous Generators
stability towards the transients:
loss of excitation fault
Loss of synchronism
Negative phase sequencing
Analysing the behaviour of the Synchronous Generator towards these transient
conditions.
Study of the auto reclosing scheme
Calculating of the auto reclosing timing for the stability of the Synchronous
Generator.

MODIFICATIONS IN THE THESIS ENVISAGED

It

is hereby humbly brought to the notice of the

committee members that it has taken almost three
and a half months to develop and integrate the model
of Synchronous Generator with its associated systems.
The job of optimising the model is still under process.
The various tasks envisaged in the earlier slides can
be taken up once this is done.
So it is hereby proposed that INSULATION
COORDINATION study as proposed in the initial stages,
might not be taken up for this thesis due to lack of
time and the quantum of work still pending.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PRECIOUS

TIME.

REFERENCES USED IN THE THESIS

MODELLING OF THE SYNCHRONOUS

GENERATOR
IEEE Guide for Synchronous Generator
Modeling Practices in Stability Analyses,
IEEE-1110
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE THEORY AND
MODELLING, P. KONDUR

DQ TRANSFORMTIONS:
IEEE Guide for Synchronous Generator
Modeling Practices in Stability Analyses,
IEEE-1110
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE THEORY AND
MODELLING, P. KONDUR

CYLINDRICAL ROTOR MACHINE

ADVANTAGES OF DQ
TRANSFORMATION

All inductances are independent of rotor position (except

for the effects of magnetic saturation)
Under balanced steady state operation, the stator
quantities appear as dc quantities
Time varying three-phase stator voltages, currents, and
flux linkages were also transformed into time invariant
direct and quadrature axis quantities under steady-state
conditions.
During electromechanical transient conditions, stator
quantities vary slowly with frequencies in the range of
1.0 to 3.0 Hz

The

above simply calculations and computations

P.U. MACHINE EQUATIONS IN DQO REFERENCE FRAME

cos

id

i 2 sin
q
3
i0

cos

sin

1
2

cos

sin
3

1
2

ia

ib

ic

STATOR AND ROTOR EMF EQUATIONS IN DQ

TRANSFORMATIONS
ed p

eq p

e 0 p
e fd

q r Ra id

r Ra iq

Ra i0

fd

R fd i fd

p 1d R1d i1d

p 1q R1q i1q

2q

R2 q i2 q