Risk Management Services

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A brief discussion on
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)
Identify
Hazards/Risks

Determine
Control Plan

JHA
Monitor/
Supervise/
Evaluate

December 2011

Implement
Controls

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Objectives

Discuss the basic elements of job hazard analysis

Identify typical hazards in the workplace
Review various techniques that can be used to
identify hazards in the workplace

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Job Hazard Analysis

A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses

on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before
they occur.
It focuses on the relationship between the worker,
the task, the tools, and the work environment.
After uncontrolled hazards are identified,
Preventive action/controls are put in place to
eliminate or reduce risk.
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Why conduct a job hazard analysis?
A job hazard analysis can prevent work-related
death, injuries or illnesses by eliminating or
controlling identified hazards.
It is a means to ensure that workers have the
training, equipment and supplies to do their jobs
safely.
It will help you in developing your accident
prevention program (APP), an L & I safety
requirement for all employers.
Note: The general method can be used in other loss prevention efforts
such as environmental pollution prevention or fire protection.
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Hazard Awareness - Accepting a risk or hazard is not
the same as eliminating or controlling it.
When conducting a job hazard analysis, you
may need to take a fresh look at the way
things are done at your workplace.
Even though you may hear weve been
doing it that way for 20 years and nothing
happened, it doesnt mean a hazard
doesnt exist.
You should take a comprehensive look at
all possible hazards with an open
mind.
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Job Hazard Analysis
Performing a job hazard analysis is one of the
best methods to develop safe work procedures
for the equipment that is operated.
The JHA can also be used to train employees in
the hazards associated with task and what
control measures should be practiced.

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JHA Team
A Job Hazard Analysis requires the cooperation
of all parties involved that includes:
Supervisors - Frontline Personnel responsible for
making change
Employee - Person/Crew most familiar with job
Safety Professional
Engineers - Technical Advisor

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Prioritization of JHA
Jobs with the highest injury and illness rates
Jobs that have the potential to cause serious injury
Jobs in which one simple human error could cause
injury
Jobs complex enough to have written instructions
Jobs that are new to your facility
Jobs that significantly had changes in process
technology or procedures

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How do I conduct a JHA?
Identify the job or task to be analyzed.
Break the job or task into key components.
Identify the hazards found in each key component.
Identify ways to eliminate or control these hazards.
Eliminate the hazard or install controls.
Keep a record of the hazards identified and steps
taken to eliminate or control them.
Periodically assess controls to ensure they are
working correctly.
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Steps for JHA

Involve employees
Review accident history
Conduct preliminary job review
List, rank, and set priorities for hazardous jobs
Outline the steps or tasks

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Involvement of Employees
They have a unique understanding of the
job; this knowledge is invaluable for
finding hazards.
Involving employees will help minimize
oversights and ensure a quality analysis.
Workers must be a part of the process;
they are the ones that benefit directly.

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Outline the Steps

Watch the employee perform the job and list each step
as the worker takes it.
Be sure to record enough information to describe
each job action without getting overly detailed.
Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed that
it becomes unnecessarily long or so broad that it does
not include basic steps.
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Breaking job into key components example changing a light bulb
Too Much Detail
Get ladder from storage.
Get new light bulb from storage.
Carry ladder and light bulb to light
that needs changing.
Place ladder under light to be
changed.
Ensure light switch is in the off
position.
Climb ladder.
Remove light cover.
Twist light bulb in a counter clock-wise
direction until it is free of the socket.
Remove old light bulb.
Insert new light bulb into socket.
Turn in a clock-wise direction until
tightened.
Replace light cover.
Descend ladder.
Carry ladder back to storage.

Too Little Detail

Right Amount of Detail

Get a ladder and new

light bulb.

Get ladder and new light

bulb.

Change bulb.

Turn light switch off

Put ladder away and

Place ladder under light
throw out old light bulb. to be changed.
Using ladder, change
bulb.
Put ladder back in
storage.

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Outline the Steps

Review the job steps with the employee to make
sure you have not omitted anything.
Include the employee in all phases of the
analysisfrom reviewing the job steps and
procedures to discussing uncontrolled hazards
and recommended solutions.

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Identifying the Hazards

A job hazard analysis is an exercise in detective

work. Your goal is to discover the following:

What can go wrong?

What are the consequences?
How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
How could it arise?
What are other contributing factors?
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Common Hazards in the Workplace
Stressor

Hazard
Type

Hazard
Type

Hazard
Type

Chemical

Corrosive

Fire
Explosion

Toxic

Electrical

Shock

Short Circuit Fire-Static

Mechanical

Moving
Parts

Failure

Ergonomic

Strain

Human Error Fatigue

Noise
Pressure

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Common Hazards in the Workplace
Stressor

Hazard Type Hazard

Type

Hazard
Type

Radiation

Ionizing

Non
Ionizing

Contact

Struck By

Struck
Against

Caught In

Environment

Temperature

Visibility

Weather

Miscellaneous

Slips

Trips

Falls
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Hierarchy of Hazard Controls

1. Elimination of Hazard - Remove or reduce
2. Substitution of less hazardous material or reduce energy - lower
speed, force, amperage, pressure, temperature, and noise.
3. Engineering Controls
4. Warnings
5. Administrative Controls & Procedures - Remove or reduce the
exposure
6. Personal protective equipment (PPE) - Put up a barrier
INTERIM MEASURES
Should also be taken if the risk cannot be engineered or managed right
away.
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Handout p. 26

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Controlling the Hazards
The most effective controls are engineering controls
that physically change a machine or work environment
to prevent employee exposure to the hazard.
The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can be
circumvented, the better.
If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be
appropriate.
This may involve changing how employees do their
jobs.
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Engineering Controls

Engineering controls include the following:

Elimination/minimization of the hazard
Substitution of equipment or process to decrease hazard
Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards,
blast shields, or other means; and
Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with local
and exhaust ventilation.
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Administrative Controls
Administrative controls include the
following:
Written operating procedures, work permits, and
safe work practices;
Exposure time limitations (used most commonly
to control heat stress and ergonomic hazards);
Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials;
Alarms, signs, and warnings;
Buddy system; and
Training

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PPE
Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable as a
control method in the following circumstances:
When engineering controls are not feasible or do not
totally eliminate the hazard;
While engineering controls are being developed;
When safe work practices do not provide sufficient
additional protection; and
During emergencies when engineering controls may not be
feasible.

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JHA Exercise
We are going to change
a tire.
Based on the steps,
please identify the
hazards and controls.

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Task

Hazard

Controls

Stabilize vehicle
Remove Hubcap/loosen nuts
Place jack and raise car
Remove nuts & wheel
Lift spare, mount, put on nuts,
snug down nuts
Lower car & tighten, store flat
and store equipment.

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Job Hazard Analysis

Example form

Date of analysis: _____________________

People who participated:

_________________________________
_________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Job or task where injuries occur or can occur

How people get hurt

What causes them to

get hurt?

What safe practices or

PPE are needed?

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Summary
Workplace Hazard Analysis consists of:
- Change analysis
- JHA
- Workplace inspections
- Hazard Reporting
- Trend Analysis
Effective programs will result in the
identification of potential and control
of hazards.

December 2011

Identify
Hazards/Risks

Determine
Control Plan

JHA
Monitor/
Supervise/
Evaluate

Implement
Controls

www.doas.georgia.gov/risk

Risk Management Services

Additional references on JHAs

Federal OSHA - Job Hazard Analysis:
http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.html
Oregon OSHA Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA):
http://www.cbs.state.or.us/osha/pdf/workshops/103w.pdf

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