CHAPTER 6 :

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1.0 Concepts of Information
Systems

1.1 Definition of
Data

data - raw , unprocessed facts (text,

numbers,images and sound).
Not organised and has little value.

Information

Organised data that is valuable and meaningful

to a specific user.

Information
Systems

A collection of hardware, software, data, people

and procedures that collects data, processes data
and provides information.

1.2 Use of IS in various

fields
Fields

General Usage

Education

1. Keep track of students statistics and

grades
2. Help students and teachers in online
learning and discussion
3. Store subject content

Business

1. Carry online buying and selling

2. Help plan the delivery of goods and
services
3. Make room bookings and check the best
rates

Management

1. See employee records

2. Analyse products, services and product
prices
3. Process customer orders, organise
production times and keep track of
product inventory.

1.3 IS Components
Component

Definition

Data

Raw , unprocessed facts (text, numbers, images and

sound).
Processed data is called information.

Hardware

The equipments used to process data into

information.
Keyboards, mouse, monitor, system unit and other.

Software

Series of instructions that tells a computer what to

do. The purpose of software are to convert data into
information

People

Anyone who communicates with computer systems

or utilizes the information it generates.

Procedure

Operating instructions for user to follow when using

software, hardware and data. Can be in the form of
guidelines I the user manuals .

1.5 Interrelations between IS

components (diagram)

1.7 Five types of IS

1.7 Usage of each type of IS

Executive Information Systems
Provides stategic information for top management.
Used to forecast future trends
Decision Support Systems
Analyzes business data and presents it so that user
can make business decisions easily. DSS helps to
analyzes information, recognise problems and
making decisions
Management Information Systems
Produces standardized reports in summarizes
structured forms. MIS summarizes data and
presents them in reports.
Transaction Processing Systems
Helps organization keep track of daily operations
and records these events in database. eg.: sales,
payroll, reservations, shipping and worker tracking.
TPS is simply records data.

1.7 Usage of each type of IS

Expert System(ES) / Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Makes decision or solves problems in a particular
field by using knowledge and analytical rules
defined by experts in the field such as doctors and
scientists.

1.8 Hierarchy of data

A collection of
related files forms

A collection of
related records.
A collection of
related fields.
Represented by a
row in the table

Series of 8 bits
(number, letter,
symbols

A bin
digit ary
1 or
0

Combination of 1 or more
characters.
Represent by a column.
The smallest unit in
database systems

EXERCISE