Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
by
J. Gunakar
C.D.O.
UNDER TUNNEL
INTRODUCTION
TO
CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS
Introduction
A structure carrying the discharge of a natural stream across an
irrigation canal is known as a cross drainage work.
Cross drainage works can be divided mainly into the following
three categories.
1. Those carrying the irrigation canal over the drainage water
i.e., Aqueduct(Flumed) and Under Tunnels.(Non-Flumed)
2. Those carrying the drainage water over the irrigation canal
i.e., Super passage(Flumed) and canal Syphon(mostly NonFlumed).
3. Those admitting the drainage water into the irrigation canal
and letting out the surplus waters on the other side at the
same place or after carrying some distance along the canal
i.e., Inlets and Outlets(Level Crossings).
UNDER TUNNUL
Drop on U/S
AQUEDUCT
CBL >> HFL
also as Type-III Aqueduct
Where the HFL of the stream at the crossing is far below the
CBL
Canal is flumed and carried in a rectangular RCC trough with
one or more bays supported on piers and abutments
SUPER PASSAGE
DBL FSL
Where the stream bed level at the crossing is above or just
touches the FSL of the canal
Drain is flumed and carried preferably in a rectangular rcc
trough with one or more bays
Report accompanying the site survey along with HPs of canal &
drain
Site plan along with flow direction of canal & drain along with net
levels
and contours
HYDROLOGY OF STREAM
Catchment Area
Deepest BL @ Crossing
Value of n
SPECIFICATIONS
UNDER TUNNEL
(RCC BOX TYPE)
SCALE:1:100
DATE
FEB , 2005
DRG.NO.
FILE NO:
AQUEDUCT
AQUEDUCT
DATUM +158.000 M
CHAINAGE IN KM
AQUEDUCTs
TYPES OF AQUEDUCTS:
Depending on the arrangement of canal passing over the drainage, an
aqueduct may be classified into the three categories as given below
Type-1:- In this type canal continues over the drainage channel in its
normal earthen section including the banks and earthen slopes
Type2:- In this type also the canal continues in its earthen section over
the drainage channel, but the outer slopes of banks are replaced by
retaining walls, thereby reducing the length of drainage culvert to
that extent
Type3:- In this type the earthen banks are discontinued over the
drainage channel and the canal will be flumed and water is carried
in masonry or concrete trough(supported on pier and abutments)
AQUEDUCT
DESIGN ASPECTS:
Layout: of the aqueduct should be so fixed that it is preferably in a
straight reach of drainage cannel. The canal/carrier channel should
be at right angles to the drainage channel as far as possible.
Bank connections to canal and drainage channel should be provided
depending upon the properties of the soil available in the area.
Wing walls for drainage may be provided with 2:1 and 3:1 splays on U/S
and D/S side; the splay should not be flatter than 3:1 and 4:1
respectively. Drainage wing walls should be suitably connected to
high ground.
Canal transitions: In order to minimize the eddy losses, a suitable Entry
& exit transitions(Straight/Warped) are necessary on either side of
trough. Canal transitions should preferably be provided with 2:1
and 3:1 splays U/S and D/S side, but not flatter than 3:1 and 5:1
respectively however, it should be ensure that the flow follows the
boundaries of the transition.
AQUEDUCT
DESIGN PROCEDURE:
* Hydraulic Calculations:
1 Hydraulic Particulars
2 Discharge Calculation
3 Drain Slope Calculation
4 Lacey's Bed width Calculation
5 Tail channel calculations
6 Vent way fixation
7 Afflux Calculations
8 Scour Depth Calculation in Drian
9 Scour Depth Calculation in Canal
10 Flow Conditions
AQUEDUCT
*
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Structural Calculations:
Design of Trough Slab
Design of Trough Side wall
Design of Trough Middle wall
Design of Pier
Design of Abutment
Design of U/S Wing & Return Wall
Design of D/S Wing & Return Wall
THANQ