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ISO

Quality circle
Completely voluntary group of 6 to 8

workers of a shop
who meet regularly during company time
once every fortnight or every month
under the leadership of a trained foreman
or section head
to examine work related problems
Which affect quality of output
To recommend to the management possible
solutions to the problems

Basic idea behind QC : Display human capability fully and


eventually draw out infinite possibilities
Contribute to improvement and
development of enterprise
Makes workplace meaningful
Participative
Involve task performance

Improve mutual trust between

management and employees


Participative culture
Improve quality of organization

Steps in Quality Circle

Identification
of problems

Implementatio
n

Selection of
problem

Presentation of
solution to
management

Analyzing the
problem

Prepare
plan of
action

Generate
alternativ
e
solutions

Selection
of best
solution

ISO Quality Certification


International Organization for Standardization
Located in Geneva, Switzerland
ISO-group of non government national agencies

which aims to develop international standards for


both business and government
These international standards act as a guide for
trade between different countries
Comprises national standards
Specialized international agency for standardization
Comprises national standard bodies of 91 countries

It provides detailed list, technological base,

best management and administrative


practices
Ensure that all products, outputs and
procedures decrease environmental impact
Emphasizes on efficient management
processes
Cutting down risks
Ensure high quality

Types of ISO certifications


1) ISO 9000

2) ISO 14000

ISO 9000
Set of five world wide standards
Establish requirements for management of

quality
For QUALITY Management
Universal framework for quality assurance

ISO 9000

Provide definitions &


concepts, how to select
standards for business

ISO 9001

Quality assurance in design,


development, production,
installation & servicing

ISO 9002

Quality assurance in production &


installation

ISO 9003

Quality assurance in test &


inspection

ISO 9004

Quality management in all


industries

ISO 14000
Consists of series of documents
Used by all types & sizes of organizations
Each facility should have its own

environmental management system to


comply with local environmental laws and
regulations and with selected ISO standards

Objectives of ISO 9000


To facilitate international trade of goods &

services
Global visibility
National / International reputation
Reduction of rejects
Obtain competitiveness in a cost effective
way

SIX SIGMA

SIX SIGMA
It is a quality system based on

measurements of how well an organization


meets customer requirements
Widely practiced leadership framework and
management methodology
Quality improvement programme
Goal to reduce number of defects to as low
as 3.4 parts per million(ppm)
Use Normal distribution to predict defective
rates

Benchmark of excellence for product and

process quality
Product is of six sigma quality if there are
no more than 3.4 non-conformities per
million opportunities at the part and
process step level
To gain competitive advantage(product
quality improves and cost goes down)
Helps organization to become customer
focused and quality oriented

Sigma means standard deviation


Used to designate the distribution or

spread of any process about the mean or


average
Sigma value indicates how well the process
is performing
Higher the sigma value better is the
process
Sigma measures capability of process to
perform defect free work

Quality
Level

% Quality

DPMO

3 sigma

99.73

68000

4 sigma

99.9973

6210

5 sigma

99.999943

233

6 sigma

99.9999998

3.4

(Defects Per
Million
Opportunities
)

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