TOURISM & HOSPITALITY

TOURISM :
Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to
destination outside the places where they normally live and work and
their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes
movements for all purposes.

OR

The sum phenomena and relationships arising from travel and stay
of non resident, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence
and not connected with any earning activity .

Tourist are people who “ travel to and stay in places outside their
usual environment for not more then one consecutive year for
leisure , business and other purpose not related to the exercise of
an activity remunerated from within the place visited.
HISTORY:

Evidence of travel and tourism have been recorded as far back

as biblical tines when Mary and Joseph arrived in Bethlehem
during cenus as the bible depicts ,Mary and Joseph were
refused accommodation because there “was no room at the
inns “. Since the beginning of mankind, people have traveled
for commerce ,religion ,family, health, immiration,education etc.

Wealthy people have always traveled to distant parts of the

world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages,
experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long
ago, at the time of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae,
were popular coastal resorts for the rich. The word tourism was
used by 1811 and tourist by 1840.
TOURISM IN 21ST CENTURY
There has been an up market trend in the tourism over the last few
decades, especially in Europe, where international travel for short
breaks is common. Tourists have higher levels of disposable income
and greater leisure time and they are also better-educated and have
more sophisticated tastes. There is now a demand for a better quality
products, which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market for
beach vacations; people want more specialized versions, such as Club
18-30, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-
targeted destination hotels.
The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo
jets, low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made many types of
tourism more affordable. There have also been changes in lifestyle, such as
retiree-age people who sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet
sales of tourism products. Some sites have now started to offer dynamic
packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package
requested by the customer upon impulse.
 NEW HIGHS OF TOURISM IN
21ST CENTURY

Space Tourism
Space tourism is the recent phenomenon of tourists paying for
flights into space. As of 2009, orbital space tourism opportunities
are limited and expensive, with only the Russian Space Agency
providing transport. The price for a flight brokered by Space
Adventures to the International Space Station aboard a Soyuz
spacecraft is US$20–35 million.
Infrastructure for a suborbital space tourism industry is being
developed through the construction of spaceports in numerous
locations, including California, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Florida,
Virginia, Alaska, Wisconsin, Esrange in Sweden as well as the
United Arab Emirates. Some use the term "personal spaceflight"
as in the case of the Personal Spaceflight Federation.
A number of startup companies have sprung up in recent years,
hoping to create a space tourism industry
 Halal Tourism

Halal tourism is a new product in the tourism industry. The industry

provides holiday destinations for Muslim families. The packages comply
with the Sharia rules which the Muslim families abide by. The hotels in
destinations do not serve alcohol and will have separate swimming pools
and spa facilities for men and women. Malaysia, Turkey and many more
countries are trying to attract Muslim tourists from all over the world
offering facilities in accordance with the religious beliefs of Muslim
tourists.
The Halal tourism industry also provides flights where no alcohol or pork
products are served, prayer timings are announced, and religious
programs are broadcast as part of entertainment offered on board.
 Dark tourism

One emerging area of special interest tourism has been identified by

Lennon and Foley (2000)as "dark" tourism. This type of tourism involves
visits to "dark" sites, such as battlegrounds, scenes of horrific crimes or
acts of genocide, for example: concentration camps. Dark tourism poses
severe ethical and moral dilemmas: should these sites be available for
visitation and, if so, what should the nature of the publicity involved be.
Dark tourism remains a small niche market, driven by varied motivations,
such as mourning, remembrance, macabre curiosity or even
entertainment. Its early origins are rooted in fairgrounds and medieval
fairs.
 Culinary Tourism

Culinary Tourism is defined as the pursuit of unique and memorable

eating and drinking experiences, according to the International Culinary
Tourism Association. Culinary Tourism differs from agritourism in that
culinary tourism is considered a subset of cultural tourism ,whereas
agritourism is considered a subset of rural tourism, according to Culinary
Tourism. Culinary Tourism is not just experiences of the highest caliber -
that would be gourmet tourism. This is perhaps best illustrated by the
notion that Culinary Tourism is about what is "unique and memorable, not
what is necessarily pretentious and exclusive". Similarly, wine tourism,
beer tourism and spa tourism are also regarded as subsets of culinary
tourism
Judging by the surge since 2001 in the number of times "culinary
tourism" has appeared as a subject matter or in a session title in tourism
industry conferences and programs, we can see that Culinary Tourism
is valued by tourism industry professionals as one of the most popular
niches in the world's tourism industry. This makes sense, given recent
consumer focus on healthy and organic eating, culinary/food pedigrees.
 ECO-TOURISM
Ecotourism (also known as ecological tourism) is travel to fragile, pristine, and
usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It
helps educate the traveler; provides funds for conservation; directly benefits the
economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and
fosters respect for different cultures and for human rights.
Ecotourism appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals. Generally
speaking, it focuses on volunteering, personal growth and learning new ways to
live on the planet. It typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and
cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is a conceptual
experience, enriching those who delve into researching and understanding the
environment around them. It gives us insight into our impacts as human beings
and also a greater appreciation of our own natural habitats.
 Meaning of Hospitality

The word hospitality derives from the Latin hospes, which is formed from hostis,
which originally meant a 'stranger' . The meaning of "host" can be literally read as
"lord of strangers.Furthermore, the word hostire means equilize/compensate.
hospitality is about compensating/equalizing a stranger to the host, making him feel
protected and taken care of, and at the end of his hosting, guiding him to his next
destination.

The hospitality service industry includes hotels, casinos, and resorts, which offer
comfort and guidance to strangers, but only as part of a business relationship.
The terms hospital, hospice, and hostel also derive from "hospitality," and these
institutions preserve more of the connotation of personal care.
 HISTORY
Evidence of hotels and the hospitality industry have been recorded as
far back as biblical times when Mary and Joseph arrived in Bethlehem
during the census. As the Bible depicts, Mary and Joseph were
refused accommodations because there "was no room at the inn”.
Boost that makes the hospitality industry as the biggest industry was the
industrial revolution and railways in the 18th And 19th century .The social
changes that brought by the industrial revolution were significant . Large
portion of the population shifted from relocated from the countryside to the
towns and cities where manufacturing centers were found and the
proportion of capital invested per worker grew. RAILWAYS introduced in
1820 in England. This was the important development which make rapid
development of hospitality industry in the world, BECAUSE the location of
hotel has always related to the transportation available. It helps in traveling
long distance in short period of time compare to ancient times where it
takes around weeks or months to travel a place.
 CHANGE IN TECHNOLOGY & HOSPITALITY
Hotels use computerized reservation systems. Franchise hotels may use the
Franchisor's reservation system. Many big hotels are using multiple sources for
reservations and databanks to keep track of who made a reservation for when.
Sizeable properties would need an incredible number of people to keep track of
reservations without today's computing power.

For the big hotels it would be impossible to operate without computerized guest
accounting and more and more smaller hotels find the convenience of computer
systems very helpful.

Computerized accounting systems have been around for a while, payroll nowadays even
in smaller hotels seldom done by hand. The bigger hotels which need to control heat
and air-conditioning use computerized energy management systems.

Automated check out has become the norm for many hotels. Electronic key cards have
replaced the regular door keys in an attempt to provide better security for hotel guests
and their belongings.

Very few shops, bars, restaurants are operated without a point of sale terminal. Such too
has become very common and the actual investment often pays off within a relatively
short time due to better cost and inventory controls.
NEW WAYS OF HOSPITALITY

Golf resort
Golf resorts are resorts that cater specifically to the sport of golf,
and include access to one or more golf course and or clubhouse.
Golf resorts typically provide golf packages that provide visitors with
all greens and cart fees, range balls, luxury accommodations and
meals.
Accommodation in the resorts may take the form of hotel-like rooms
or private spacious villas. Golf resorts are typically located in areas
with great natural scenery and they may also offer other nature-
based activities such as backpacking, fishing as well as health spas
and beauty clinics etc.
It is possible for golfers to purchase vacation packages for some of
the finest golf resorts and golf courses all over the world.
Destinations include golf resorts in states like Florida, Arizona,
Hawaii, and California, cities like Las Vegas, Pinehurst, and Myrtle
Beach, and renowned international golf travel destinations like
Ireland and Scotland, where the game was born. Most countries in
the world now host golf resorts of one type or another.
 Eco hotel

Eco hotel is a term used to describe a hotel or accommodation that has

made important environmental improvements to its structure in order to
minimize its impact on the environment. The basic definition of a green
hotel is an environmentally-responsible lodging that follows the practices
of green living. These hotels have to be certified green by an independent
third-party or by the state they are located in. Traditionally, these hotels
were mostly presented as Eco Lodges because of their location, often in
jungles, and their design inspired by the use of traditional building
methods applied by skilled local craftsmen in areas, such as Costa Rica
and Indonesia.
Conversion( barn)

The Conversion of Barns involves the

conversion of old farming barns to commercial or
residential use structures. Many older farm
buildings are being converted for holiday use. This
is partly due to modern farming practices making
many of the older type buildings redundant.
 SPA
The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known as
balneotherapy. Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically
offer thermal or mineral water for drinking and bathing. They also offer various
health treatments. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back
to prehistoric times. Such practices have been popular world-wide, but are
especially wide-spread in Europe and Japan. Day spas are also quite popular,
and offer various personal care treatments
 Some Unusual hotels
Tree house hotels

Some hotels are built with living trees as structural elements, for example the
Costa Rica Tree House in the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica;
the Treetops Hotel in Aberdare National Park, Kenya; the Ariau Towers near
Manaus, Brazil, on the Rio Negro in the Amazon; and Bayram's Tree Houses in
Olympos, Turkey.

Capsule hotels

Capsule hotels are a type of economical hotel that

are found in Japan, where people sleep in stacks of
rectangular containers
 LARGEST , OLDEST & TALLEST HOTELS
Largest

In 2006, Guinness World Records listed the First World Hotel in Genting Highlands,
Malaysia as the world's largest hotel with a total of 6,118 rooms.

Oldest

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the oldest hotel still in operation is
the Hoshi Ryokan, in the Awazu Onsen area of Komatsu, Japan which opened in 717.

Tallest

Burj Al Arab in United Arab Emirates is the tallest building used exclusively as a hotel.
However, the Rose Tower, also in Dubai, which has already topped Burj Al Arab's
height at 333 m (1,090 ft), will take away this title upon its opening.
 FUTURE OF TOURISM & HOSPITALITY
IN
INDIA
Tourism industry in India is being utilized as a powerful tool to facilitate international
understanding and enable building of broader cultural horizons. According to the Travel
& Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009 brought out by World Economic Forum, India
is ranked 11th in the Asia-Pacific region and 62nd overall in a list of 133 assessed
countries in 2008, up three places since 2007. In terms of travel, India stands 9th in the
index of relative cost of access to international air transport services, having almost the
lowest costs in the world. The contribution of travel and tourism to gross domestic
product (GDP) is expected to be at 6.0 per cent (US$ 67.3 billion) in 2009 rising to US$
187.3 billion by 2019.The future of the Indian hospitality and tourism industry
seems to be positive due to increased flow of business and leisure travelers.
Indian is hosting forthcoming commonwealth games in 2010 and co hosting of
cricket world cup in 2011. India has unparallel potential for the growth and
development of the tourism industry .Endowed with rich historic heritage
,cultural diversity and geographical advantage ,it could develop as a leading
tourism industry. Foreign tourist have special attraction in India for centuries
and India hospitality is a legend by itself .a part from ancient culture and
civilization ,the diverse natural beauty of can hardly be seen else where in the
world