PRODUCTION OF OLEO-RESIN

FROM TROPICAL PINE TREES

PRESENTED BY:
KOECH LUKA
CPE/1060/07
KIBET

ABRAHAM CPE/35/08
SUPERVISOR
DR. MENZWA

INTRODUCTION
Resin

form an important group of woody and

non woody forest products, from tropical pine
trees.
Resin are present in the intercellular space
(ducts or cavities) of the plant parts.
Resin formation may be pathological response
of the plant to protect the injured part by
sealing the region to prevent water loss and
infection.

INTRODUCTION CONT
Resin quality is dependent on; Type of pine tree
Geographical location of the trees,
Season of tree harvesting.

INTRODUCTION CONT
objectives
Production

of natural rosin and turpentine.

Utilization of arid and semi arid areas.

INTRODUCTION CONT
justification
Poor

soil, drought and hostile environmental

conditions promote the production of resin.
Availability of land in arid and semi arid areas.

INTRODUCTION CONT
Pines

are evergreen, coniferous resinous tree

growing up to 3-80 meters tall with majority
of species reaching 15-45metres tall.
pine tree of pinaceae family is used for
tapping.
Pines are tapped for resin production because
they have a well developed preformed resin
ducts system.

INTRODUCTION CONT
species of pine
P. patula

which is widely planted in Africa

gives a very poor quality resin and low yield,
P. radiata produces the best quality turpentine
in the world, but resin yields are poorer. P.
elliottii, produces good quality rosin and high
yields .

INTRODUCTION CONT
Does

well in a range of soils from deep sand to

clay with an altitude of 1800-2700 metres
above sea level and rainfall of 1100-2000 mm.
Parts of pine
Bark
Leaves
Cones

INTRODUCTION CONT
Uses

of pine
- Source of timber and wood pulp.
- Source of resin which is distilled to produce
turpentine.
-Pines are also for aesthetic purposes e.g for
Christmas trees and decorations.
The cambium is edible and very high in
vitamins A and C.

INTRODUCTION CONT
Turpentine
- is a organic compound mainly made of
terpenes (alpha and beta pinene).
-used as solvents in paint industry.

INTRODUCTION CONT
Properties of turpentine

Physical properties
Colorless liquid with characteristic odour.
Boiling point (149-180)c.
Melting point -50 to -60 c.
Relative density 0.9.
Solubility in water- none.
Flash point 30- 46 c.
Explosive limits vol% in air 0.8-6.

INTRODUCTION CONT

Properties of turpentine

Chemical properties
Burns in air to form toxic fumes eg carbon
monoxide
Decompose slowly under the influence of air
and light . This produces oxidation products
that are more toxic or irritating than turpentine
itself .
Reacts violently with oxidants halogens,
combustible substance and mineral acids.
Attacks plastic and rubber

INTRODUCTION CONT

Rosin
is

a brittle and friable. It is typically a glassy

solid, though some form crystals.
Consists of mainly abietic acid
combines with caustic alkalis to form
salts(rosinates or pinates) that are known as
rosin soaps.
used in the manufacture of adhesives, paper
sizing agents, printing inks, solders and fluxes.

INTRODUCTION CONT

Properties of Rosin

Physical and chemicals properties

Yellowish ,opaque and sticky mass
Odour characteristic
Softening point(70-80)c.
Acid number 160-170
Water solubility insoluble

INTRODUCTION CONT
PROCESS DESCRIPTION

MASS BALANCE
Introduction
The

mass balance of the equipment is done to

be able to know the amount of each
component at the end of each process. For the
law of conservation to prevail:
Mass in - Mass out+ Generation mass
consumed = Accumulation
Kenya produces 2% of worlds production.
Feed mass flow rate is 6600kg/day.

MASS BALANCE Cont

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ENERGY BALANCE
Introduction
The

energy balance of the following selected

equipments is done to approximate the amount
of energy needed for the different equipments.
The energy balance is carried out ensuring that
there is no loss of energy or that no energy is
destroyed. This is the law of conservation of
energy.

ENERGY BALANCE Cont

ENERGY BALANCE Cont

ENERGY BALANCE Cont

ENERGY BALANCE Cont

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