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Eufemia Daz
Leslie Riquelme
HISTORIA
En el siglo XX, la Tuberculosis en Chile se mantuvo con
altas cifras de morbilidad y mortalidad hasta fines de la
dcada del 40, en la que la mortalidad era superior a 200
por 100.000 habitantes.
A partir de los aos 50, la disponibilidad de medicamentos
antituberculosos y la creacin del Servicio Nacional de
Salud, permitieron desarrollar programas de cobertura
nacional de notable impacto.
En los ltimos 10 aos (1996 2005) la declinacin de la
morbilidad por TBC en todas las formas alcanza un ritmo
de descenso de 6,2% anual.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/000077.htm
http://www.intramed.net/userfiles/2011/file/Maria/guia_tuberculosis.pdf
INTRODUCCIN
La
ESTADSTICA
TASA DE INCIDENCIA 2000-2012
8,o - 11
11,1 - 14,15
14,6 - 32
33%
40%
27%
http://epi.minsal.cl/epi/html/AtlasInteractivos/Nacionales/AtlasTBC/atlas.html
QU ES LA TUBERCULOSIS?
Es
Las
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/AparatoRespiratorio/31Tuberculosis.html
CAUSA DE LA TUBERCULOSIS
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/AparatoRespiratorio/31Tuberculosis.html
VAS DE TRANSMISIN
La tuberculosis se transmite de persona a
persona a travs del aire. Cuando un enfermo de
tuberculosis pulmonar tose, estornuda o escupe,
expulsa bacilos tuberculosos al aire. Basta con
que una persona inhale unos pocos bacilos para
quedar infectada.
Se calcula que una tercera parte de la poblacin
mundial tiene tuberculosis latente; es decir, esas
personas estn infectadas por el bacilo pero (an)
no han enfermado ni pueden transmitir la
infeccin.
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/AparatoRespiratorio/31Tuberculosis.html
SINTOMATOLOGA
Los
Si
En
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/AparatoRespiratorio/31Tuberculosis.html
CUADRO CLNICO
El
Febrcula
vespertina
Sudoracin nocturna asociada a
signo sintomatologa respiratoria
(tos, expectoracin, disnea)
Otras
a)
b)
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/AparatoRespiratorio/31Tuberculosis.html
c)
d)
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/AparatoRespiratorio/31Tuberculosis.html
PACIENTES EN RIESGO
Existen
DIAGNOSTICO
Las personas que se cree que estn enfermas de
tuberculosis deben ser remitidas a un mdico
para que las evale, lo cual consistir en
Antecedentes mdicos,
Examen fsico,
Prueba para detectar infeccin por tuberculosis
(prueba cutnea de la tuberculina o prueba
especial de sangre),
Radiografa de trax (rayos X) y
Estudios de laboratorio correspondientes
TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLGICO
PARA LA TBC
El
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fluoroquinolonas:
levofloxacina,
moxifloxacina, gatifloxacina.
Miscelnea
de
frmacos
con
distintos niveles de actividad sobre
M.
TB:
clofazimina,
linezolid,
amoxicilina-clavulnico, etc.
La
TRATAMIENTO KINSICO DE LA
TBC
El
El
http://www.intramed.net/userfiles/2011/file/Maria/guia_tuberculosis.pdf
La
http://www.intramed.net/userfiles/2011/file/Maria/guia_tuberculosis.pdf
2.
3.
http://www.intramed.net/userfiles/2011/file/Maria/guia_tuberculosis.pdf
4.
5.
http://www.intramed.net/userfiles/2011/file/Maria/guia_tuberculosis.pdf
Los
PAPER 1
La tuberculosis en trabajadores de la salud de un servicio de salud pblica en Santiago de
Chile
(Rev Chilena Infectol. 2009 Aug;26(4):382.)
OBJECTIVE:
To evalate the risk of tuberculosis (TBC) among health care workers (HCW) of the Southern
Metropolitan Health Service (SMHS) of Santiago, Chile.
METHOD:
A retrospective study using records of patients receiving TBC treatment in the SMHS from 2001 to
2006 was performed, in which HCW were identified. Total population of HCWs at risk was calculated
using annual records of personnel hired at the SMHS. Data on TBC cases and rates were compared
against data of the SMSH and hazard ratio (HR) and confidence intervals obtained.
RESULTS:
Fourteen cases were identified, predominantly among auxiliary personnel (n: 4, 35.7%), nursing staff
and ambulance drivers (n: 2, 14.3%) each). Cases occurred in personnel from 41.7% of hospitals and
10.3% of ambulatory care centers within the SMHS and 92.2% involved personnel with direct patient
care or contact. Pulmonary localization was seen in 11 (78.6%), and more than half (57.2%) had a
positive sputum stain or culture. All cases initiated treatment, but 1 abandoned it and other died of
liver failure associated to cirrhosis (7.1% each). Between 2003 and 2006, the annual rate of TBC
among HCW ranged between 0 and 79 per 100.000, and during 2004 it was higher than the rate
observed in SMHS (Hazard ratio 4.56; IC(95): 1.83-10.62). [corrected]
CONCLUSIONS:
Despite TBC rate decline in Chile, this disease still represents a significant occupational risk for
HCW. Notably, more than half of cases among HCWs are contagious, and despite treatment, some
have a lethal evolution.
PAPER 2
Caractersticas de la tuberculosis en la poblacin inmigrante en el sur de rea de
Salud de Granada.]
INTRODUCTION:
The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among the native population in Spain continues to decrease, resulting in a higher
proportion of foreign-born cases. The aim of this study was to identify the differential TB characteristics within the
immigrant population with respect to the native population in the South Granada Health Area, Spain.
METHODS:
This was a descriptive study, including all cases of TB diagnosed during the period 2003-2010. Cases were identified
through a prospective database. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine differential
characteristics.
RESULTS:
From 319 TB cases diagnosed, 247 were natives and 72 (22.6%) immigrants, and 272 were pulmonary tuberculosis.
The following variables were significantly associated with immigrant TB cases: age<35 years (OR=4.75, CI: 2.728.31), higher percentage of cavitated chest X-ray (OR=2.26, CI: 1.20-4.20), higher percentage of smear-positive cases
(OR=1.80, CI: 1.02-3.16), longer diagnostic delay in smear-positive pulmonary TB (median 32 days vs. 21 days
P=.043), and lower total lethality (OR=0.12; CI: 0.01-0.89).
CONCLUSIONS:
The incidence of TB has remained constant in the South Granada Health Area due to the increase in cases among
immigrants. Compared with native TB patients, immigrant patients were younger and had more advanced disease
(higher percentage of smear-positive cases and higher percentage of cavitated chest X-ray) and longer diagnostic delay
in smear-positive pulmonary TB, indicating poorer TB control. Strategies for earlier diagnosis of TB in immigrants
are essential.
Copyright 2013 Elsevier Espaa, S.L. y Sociedad Espaola de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologa Clnica.
All rights reserved.
CONCLUSIN
A
BIBLIOGRAFA
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/
000077.htm
http://www.intramed.net/userfiles/2011/file/Maria/guia_tube
rculosis.pdf
(Guas de diagnstico, tratamiento y prevencin de la
tuberculosis. Trabajo elaborado en el marco del Curso
2010 de Actualizaciones para la Calidad de la gestin
Clnica.
http://escuela.med.puc.cl/publ/AparatoRespiratorio/31Tube
rculosis.html
http://
www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=s0717-93
082004000400006
.
http:
Gracias
por su
Atencin