Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Electrical capacitance
Defined as the amount of charge per
volt that an object can hold
Q
C
V
Some Capacitors
conductor
insulator
Capacitance : Definition
Take two chunks of conductor
Separated by insulator
Q+ = +CV
+++++++++++
+++++++++++
V
+++++++++++
V
- ---- ---------0--------
V
C
-=
V
A Capacitor Stores
CHARGE
Apply a Potential
Difference V
And a charge
found on the
plates
Q is
charge
Q
C
Potential V
Q CV
10
Capacitors
A capacitor consists of two conducting plates
separated by an insulator (or dielectric).
A
C
d
r 0
0 8.854 10 12 (F/m)
11
12
A
C
d
14
Dielectric
Adding a material to the space between
the plates changes the capacitance of
the capacitor
C C0
Table 20-1
Dielectric Constants
Substance
Dielectric constant,
Water
80.4
Neoprene rubber
6.7
Pyrex glass
5.6
Mica
5.4
Paper
3.7
Mylar
3.1
Teflon
2.1
Air
1.00059
Vacuum
Q
V0
Insert a dielectric
0)
C0
V
V0
V0
dielectric constant: k = C/C0
18 Dielectric constant is a material
property
05/10/15
C 0
A
d
19
05/10/15
Figure 20-15
The Effect of a Dielectric on the Electric Field of a Capacitor
Types of Capacitors
Variable capacitors
23
24
a).
Q = CV
Q = 3 x 10-12 x 20 = 60 PC
= 4 x 10 -6 F
b).
Q = CV =
(4 x 10 -6 F) x (9V) = 36 x 10-6 C
c).
V = Q/C =
16 x 10 -6 / 4 x 10 -6 F = 4 V.
A "charged" capacitor
can store charge.
When a capacitor is
being charged, negative
charge is removed from
one side of the
capacitor and placed
onto the other, leaving
one side with a negative
charge (-q) and the
other side with a
positive charge (+q).
Any two conductors insulated from one another form a
CAPACITOR.
Combinations of capacitors
It is very often that more than one capacitor is
used in an electric circuit
We would have to learn how to compute the
equivalent capacitance of certain combinations of
capacitors
C1
C5
C3
C3
C1
C2
C2
28
05/10/15
C4
SERIES
PARALLEL
Q = C V
where C = eo A / d
A charged parallel
plate capacitor.
Vab = E d, so E = Vab /d
Series combination
Analogous formula is true for any
number of capacitors,
1
1
1
1
...
Ceq C1 C2 C3
(series combination)
05/10/15
Series Capacitors
v(t ) v1 (t ) v2 (t ) ... v N (t )
1 1 1
Ceq C1 C2
C1C2
Ceq
C1 C2
33
Capacitors in series
Adding capacitors in
series,
Vtot = V1 + V2, so
1
1
1
L
Ctot C1 C2
The charge on each capacitor must be the same when
they are connected in series Why?