Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
P M V Subbarao
Associate Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi
. V 0
t
V
. VV p
t
. eV q w
t
. V 0
t
p,
c-u
P+dp, d
d c u c 0
cd u ud 0
ud 0
d
cd u 0 cd u u c
. VV p
For steady 1-D flow :
d
dp
2
U
dx
dx
d U
d c u
d c
dp
c ( p dp ) p
2
u 2cu c dp
2
u c
2
& 2cu c
c d dp c
2
dp
d
Nature of Substance
The expressions for speed of sound can be used to prove
that speed of sound is a property of a substance.
Using the momentum analysis :
c f ( p, )
If it is possible to obtain a relation between p and , then c
can be expressed as a state variable.
This is called as equation of state, which depends on nature
of substance.
p,
c-u
C
P+dp, d
dp
d
p constant
c d dp c
2
dp
d
c constant 1
constant
p
c
c RT
p zRT
Compressibility Chart
Tds dh vdp
Tds du pdv
Isentropic change of state:
dh vdp 0
dp
dh
0
h f (T , p )
For a change of state:
dh MdT NdP
h
h
dh
dT
dP
T p
p T
h
Cp
T
Tds dh vdp
Gibbs Function for constant pressure process :
T ds p dh p
T ds p C p dT
s
Cp T
T
Tds dh vdp
T ds T dh T v dp T
dh T T ds T v dp T
Divide all terms by dp at constant temperature:
h
s
T
v
p T
p T
v
T
p T
h
v
v T
p T
T
h
Cp
T
Tds dh vdp
h
h
dh
dT
dP
T p
p T
h
h
Tds
dT
dP vdp
T p
p T
Tds C p dT
v
v T
T
dP vdp
p
C p dT
v
v T
T
dP vdp 0
p
pv zRT
z
z T
T
dv
dp C p
v
p Cv
z
z T
z T
T
z
z T
dv
dp
n
v
p
d
dp
n
p
dp
p
n
d
dp
c
nzRT
d
2
c nzRT
dp
B
d
dp B
c
d
2
B
Elastic property
Inertial Property
E
Elastic property
Inertial Property