GRAMMAR

REQUESTSCONTINUED.
Mr. Woods

GRAMMAR

QuizDoone!

Who v. Whom?

Passive v. Active
Structures

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WHICH SHOULD I USE:

WHO OR WHOM?

WHO VS. WHOM

Whom always works as an object in a

sentence, whereas who always works as
a subject.

For example:
Whois

that masked man?

The men, four ofwhomare ill, were
indicted for fraud.

But who isnt always the main subject of

the sentencehow do you determine
which to use then?

WHO VS. WHOM

You can also say things like this:

It

was Thomas Jefferson, I

think,whowas the third president of
the United States.

This is because who directly

references the main subject of the
sentence, and could even substitute for
it in a question:
Thomas

Jefferson was the third

president of the United States.
Who was the third president of the
United States? (answer = Thomas
Jefferson)

WHO VS. WHOM

Whom is used in situations referencing

the object of a situation or action:
Mrs.

Dagobert consulted an
astrologerwhomshe met in Seattle.

She met him in Seattle.

Whom

can we turn to in this time of crisis?

We can turn to her.

Frame a response or question to the

sentence: If you can use he/she, WHO

is correct. If you can use him/her,

WHOM is correct.

WHO VS. WHOM

Mrs.

Dagobert consulted an
astrologerwhomshe met in Seattle.

She met him in Seattle.

Whom

can we turn to in this time of

crisis?

We can turn to her.

Joanna

is the one who got the job.

She, Joanna, got the job.

Are

you the one who took my

sandwich?

Yes, he is the one who took your

sandwich

PASSIVE V. ACTIVE
SENTENCES

PASSIVE & ACTIVE

SENTENCES

Voice: shows whether the subject of the

sentences main verb is performing the
action shown by the verb, or receiving the
action shown by the verb.

Active Voice: when the subject does the

action, the verb is in the active voice.
Logan

hit the ball.

Passive Voice: when the subject

receives the action, the verb is in the
passive voice.
The

ball was hit by Logan.

PASSIVE & ACTIVE PAIRS

A: The committee is considering the law.
P: The law is being considered by the
committee.
A: The music producer will have remixed
the soundtrack by Tuesday.
P: By Tuesday, the soundtrack will have
been remixed by the producer.
A: I have damaged your car, Phil.
P: Your car has been damaged, Phil.

Active:

Passive:

Present
Simple

Once a week, Tom

cleans the house.

Once a week, the house is

cleaned by Tom.
(change to past d, -ed,
and include pres. tense. to
be)

Present
Perfect

Many tourists have

visited this castle.

This castle has been

visited by many tourists.
(change aux to have to
match subject, include past
part. to be)

Present
Progressi
ve

Phillip is writing the

letter as we speak.

As we speak, the letter is

being written by Phil.
(include pres. participle of
to be, change main verb
to past part.)

Active:

Passive:

Past
Simple

I repaired the Car.

The car was repaired by

me.

Past
Perfect

At that time, they had

given us visas for three
months.

At that time, we had been

given visas for three
months.

Past
Progressi
ve

The producer was

making an
announcement.

An announcement was
being made (by the
producer).

Active:
Future
Simple

Our representative will

pick up the computer
tomorrow.

Passive:
The computer will be
picked up by our
representative tomorrow.
(pres. form of to be
included, main verb
changed to past tense form)

Future
Perfect

By next month, we will

have finished this
project.

By next month, this project

will have been finished.
(past. participle of to be
included before main verb)

Some examples from

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/02/

WHEN SHOULD YOU USE

PASSIVE STRUCTURES?

When you dont know who did the action:

Phils

computer was stolen last week.

Our furniture was constructed in
Orangeburg, South Carolina.

When it isnt important to say who did the

action:
Phil

was arrested for creating a public

disturbance last week.

When you dont want to say who did the

action:
A

mistake has been made in our program

code.