By : Meiria Sari

(03011186)

Cardiac chamber

 Quantity

:1 pc

Shape

:fruitlikemango
Weight
:250-300gr
(adult)
Above

: Basis
Bottom : Apex

Greek words:
Atheromeaninggruelorp

aste
Sclerosismeaning
hardness

hardening of the arteries

High cholesterol
High blood pressure
Smoking
Obesity
Lack of physical
activity

Uncontrollable
Sex
Race

: Men > Women

: African, Americans > whites

Age

: 40 70 years

Controllable
Diabetes
Alcoholic
Stress and anger, and soon

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

fattycholesterolaccumulate
in theartery
(atheromaorplaque)
interfere withabsorption
ofnutrientsby endothelial
cellsandblock blood flow
vascular endothelium is
exposed to will have become
necrotic and scar tissue,
lumenbecomes increasingly
narrow and obstructed blood
flow
thelumenis narrowed and
rough-walled,willtend tothe
formationof bloodclots

Chest
Pain

None

Signs &
Symptoms

Shortness
Of Breath

Heart
Attack

None: This is referred to as

silent ischemia. Blood to your
heart may be restricted due to
CAD, but you dont feel any
effects.
Chest pain: If your coronary
arteries cant supply enough
blood to meet the oxygen
demands of your heart, the
result may be chest pain called
angina.
Shortness of breath: Some
people may not be aware they
have CAD until they develop
symptoms of congestive heart
failure- extreme fatigue with
exertion, shortness of breath
and swelling in their feet and
ankles.

 Prior

tothe occurrence of
complicationsmaynotbediagnosed.

hearingbruit(noiseblowing)onexa
minationwith astethoscope
pulse onthe affected areacan
bereduced.

su
pp
ly

sp
ec
i fi
c

show s

Coronary
Angiography
g in
Narrow in

coronaries

Stress
Test

to
he
ar t

es
s
l
pu
im

blo
od

Electrocardiogram

me
asu
res

of
es
Sit

ele ctrical

me
as
ur
es

Blood tests: used to evaluate kidney and thyroid

function as well as to check cholesterol levels and
the presence of anemia.
Chest X-ray: shows the size of your heart and
whether there is fluid build up around the heart and
lungs.
Echocardiogram: shows a graphic outline of the
hearts movement
Ejection fraction (EF): determines how well your
heart pumps with each beat.
ABI (ankle-brachial
index), blood pressure measurements were taken at

exercise

healthy food

Relaxation

Do not smoke

 a stent is introduced into a blood vessel on a

balloon catheter and advanced into the blocked
area of the artery
the balloon is then inflated and
causes the stent to expand until it
fits the inner wall of the vessel,
conforming to contours as needed
the balloon is then
deflated and drawn back

1)

The stent stays in

place permanently,
holding the vessel
open and improving
the flow of blood.

2) Bypass surgery

blood vessel is used to create new blood flow path

in your heart
the bypass graft enables blood to reach your
heart by flowing around the blocked portion of the
diseased artery.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) or heart

disease
Angina, heart attack (Myocardial
Infarction)
Stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident)
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ministroke
Peripheral vascular disease

THANK YOU