Southern Methodist University Fall 2003

EETS 8316/NTU CC745-N

Wireless Networks
Lecture 12: EDGE

Instructor: Jila Seraj

email: jseraj@engr.smu.edu
http://www.engr.smu.edu/~jseraj/
tel: 214-505-6303

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

SMU

ENGINEERING

#1

Housekeeping
Exam 12/04 at 6:30 pm
Duration one hour
Distant students can take it anytime before
12/17. Please contact your proctor
immediately. The exam is available from
12/04.
Homework #3 is on the web. Deadline Dec
5th for in-campus students and Dec 12th for
others.
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#2

Outline
EDGE
Classic and Compact
GERAN

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#3

Review, UMTS Architecture

CN

CN : Enhanced GSM/GPRS CN

Iu

UTRAN

RN: UTRAN

Uu
UE

UTRAN
CN
UE

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

Core Network
User Equipment

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#4

Review, UMTS reference model

Application
services

2G network

Roaming
GW

HLR

IP

CSCF

RAN
Iu

3G
SGSN

3G
GGSN
3G MSC

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

PSTN
GW

PSTN

#5

Review, UMTS reference model

CSCF = Call State Control Function
responsible for call state control functions,
service switching function, address translation,
vocoder negotiation to support VoIP
Call state is a set of states identified in the
process of completing a call. Obvious
examples of call state are: Call attempt, Called
number reception, Called number translation,
Feature Activation, Called party Alert, through
connection, Calling Party Release, etc

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#6

Review, UTRAN Architecture

Core Network
Iu
RNS

Iur

I
u

RNS

RNC

RNC
Iub
Node B

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

Iub

Iub
Node B

Node B

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ENGINEERING

Iub
Node B

#7

Review, Functions of UTRAN Components

RNC
Uplink/downlink signal transfer, mobility,
soft handof
Upper outer loop/ downlink power control,
Common control channels
Very similar to BSC functions

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#8

Review, Functions of UTRAN Components

Node B:
Logical node, maintains link with UE
Responsible for radio transmission for one or
more cells, adds/removes radio links on
demand,
Mapping logical resources to physical
resources,
Upper inner loop power control,
Interconnecting UE from diferent
manufacturers.
Similar to BTS function
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#9

Review, UTRAN Interfaces

Uu: Between Node B and UE (WCDMA)
Iub: Between Node B and RNC (ATM)
Iur: Between various RNCs (ATM)
Iu: Between the Core Network and the
RNC (IP over ATM)

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#10

Review, Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces

UTRAN consists of
Radio Network Layer (specific to UTRAN
itself)
Transport Network Layer (standard
technology: ATM)

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#11

Review, Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces

The UTRAN specific protocols include
Radio Access Network Application Part:
Radio Network Signaling over the Iu.
Radio Network Subsystem Application Part:
Radio Network Signaling over the Iur.
Iub interface uses node B application
protocol (NBAP).

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#12

Review, UTRAN Interfaces

Iur Interface (RNC <-> RNC)
point-to-point open interface,
macro-diversity support,
transport signaling for mobility and radio
resource allocation.
Node
B
Node
B

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

SMU

Iub
RNC

Node
B

ENGINEERING

Iu

Iur
RNC

#13

Review, UTRAN Interfaces

Iub Interface (RNC <-> Node B)
interconnection of equipment from diferent
manufacturers,
allows Abis (GSM/GPRS transmission
sharing),
transports DCH, RACH, FACH and DSCH
data,
enables negotiation of radio resources
between node B and RNC

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#14

EDGE
EDGE= Enhanced Data rates for Global
Evolution
EGPRS = Enhanced General Packet Radio
Services
EDGE is an enhancement to GPRS
Maximum of 473 kbps if all 8 time slots are
used

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#15

EDGE
Introduces concept of Link Adaptation
in wireless for maximum throughput in
variable radio conditions
The data rates are tripled. The magic is in
introduction of 8-PSK modulation that can
carry 3 bits per symbols
8-PSK = Octagonal Phase Shift Keying
EGPRS impact is mainly in RF and MAC

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#16

GSM EDGE Radio Access Network

GERAN = GSM EDGE Radio Access
Network
Motivation
All IP Network
Low cost of operation
One platform
support of new services
Support for diferent access networks

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#17

Requirements GERAN
Spectrum efficient support for VoIP, (endto-end IP-based voice service), Quality
TDMA
Support of new IP multimedia services,
Future proof
Alignment with UMTS/UTRAN service
classes and QoS
Common GPRS and GSM Core Network for
EDGE and UTRAN

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#18

Requirements on GERAN ..
Integration of all services over IP
infrastructure
Support for COMPACT and VoIP/COMPACT

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#19

GERAN
GERAN connects to PS CN through
Iu-ps for R4 and R5 terminals (New
protocols) and Gb for R97 and R99
Iu-ps
terminals (LLC and SNDCP
protocols)
TE

GERAN
R

MT
Um

BSS

GERAN connects to CS CN
through Iu-cs or A
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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Gb
Iu-cs
A

3G SGSN
SGSN Server
MGW
SGSNN
3G MSC
MSC Server
MGW
MSC

ENGINEERING

#20

GERAN Interfaces
Gb
GPRS interface not suitable for RT
transmission
LLC+RLC both ARQ protocols
IP instead of FR
Iu-ps
UTRAN PS, IP, QoS, AAL5/ATM , possibly IP
over SDH

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#21

New Features in EGPRS Rel 4.

Delayed TBF Release
In bursty traffic, many call set up and release
makes inefficient use of resources. By
delaying release of TBF, and sending
dummy LLC frames to mobile, the link is kept
alive.
Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)
When sending neighbour information, cell system
information is also sent to mobile. When handing
of, mobiles has all the data it needs. Speeds up
handof.
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#22

New Features in EGPRS Rel 5

Delayed TBF Release
In bursty traffic, many call set up and release
makes inefficient use of resources. By
delaying release of TBF, and sending
dummy LLC frames to mobile, the link is kept
alive.
Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC)
When sending neighbour information, cell system
information is also sent to mobile. When handing
of, mobiles has all the data it needs. Speeds up
handof.
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#23

COMPACT System Concept

First 200 kHz carrier
1/3 reuse.
CPBCCH (Compact Packet BCCH) Transmits
discontinuously ( at certain time).
Synchronization of base stations and time split
into four time groups provide an efective 4/12
reuse for broadcast and common control
channels.
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#24

COMPACT System Concept

All Traffic and dedicated channels on the rest of
TS are reuse 1/3.
Support for paging for TDMA/136 circuit
switched.
Minimum deployment: 3 carriers, 0.6 MHz plus
guard bands.

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#25

EDGE Compact
There is a Base station synchronization
concept in GSM
GSM BTS synch is used only on the traffic
channels TCH that has FH in Fractional loading
planning (FLP)to avoid Co-channel and
adjacent channel interference in reuse 1/3 and
smaller.
The BCCH is transmitting continuously with
5/15 and higher reuse.
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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#26

Reuse 1/3

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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#27

Compact

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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#28

Evolution of 2G Cellular Technologies

2G

3G

IS-95B
CDMA
GSM

cdma2000

W-CDMA

FDD
TDD

GPRS

IS-136
TDMA
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

EDGE & 136

HS outdoor

UWC-136
SMU

ENGINEERING

136 HS
indoor
#29

Quality-of-Service: What, Why?

Quality of Service (QoS) is the ability of a
network element (e.g. an application, host or
router) to have some level of assurance that
its traffic and service requirements can be
satisfied.
Newer applications with multimedia content
Demands of convergence
More bandwidth ?
User perception of service quality can be
translated to network flow parameters such as
delay and delay variation.
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#30

Guidelines for providing QoS to users

QoS perceived by the user must be end-toend.
Parameters defining QoS of a flow must be
fewer and simpler.
QoS definition must be compatible with all
kinds of applications.
Must be able to quantify and enforce.

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#31

UMTS-specific requirements (contd.)

QoS parameter control on peer to peer basis
between mobile and 3G gateway node
UMTS QoS control mechanism should map
applications QoS profile to UMTS services.
Applications may be required to state their QoS
requirement.
UMTS QoS capable services should work with
other networking architectures.
Only finite set of QoS definitions supported.
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#32

UMTS-specific requirements (contd.)

Multiple traffic streams per session.
Lower overhead for QoS related operations;
higher resource utilization.
Re-negotiation should be possible after QoS
parameter values have been agreed upon dynamic QoS.
User mobility should be supported in the QoS
framework.

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#33

Traffic cases for QOS

Conversational
RT media, delay sensitive delay variation
sensitive (VoIP, Conferencing,..)
Streaming
Delay variations sensitive Audio and video
relaxed absolute delay than conversational
(bufering required)

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#34

Traffic cases for QOS

Interactive
none real time, delay sensitive (WWW, ftp, remote
databases, ..)

Background
none RT (e.mail, SMS, ftp,..)

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#35

QoS attributes for Traffic Classes

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#36

QoS Characteristics of UMTS Classes

Very important

0.9

Conversational
Streaming
Interactive
Background

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

less important

0.2

0.1

delay

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

throughput

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ENGINEERING

retransmission

#37

QoS supported
Interactive
supported in R99

Background
supported in R99

Conversational
R5

Streaming
R4

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#38

Useful Links
http://www.3gpp.org/TB/GERAN/GERAN.
htm
http://www.3gpp.org/

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#39

WAP

Wireless Access Protocol (WAP

Started with Ericsson, Nokia and Motorola
WAP goal is
Open standards
Internet WWW application development model
Wireless network technology and bearer
independence
Device independence
Embrace and extend existing standards
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#40

WAP (cont)
Strength
Widespread presentation
90% of all handset manufacturers are
committed
Carriers representing nearly 100 million
subscribers worldwide have joined WAP

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#41

WAP (cont)
Why not adopt internet protocols?
Limitations of wireless handheld devices
Small display
Limited memory
Limited keyboard
Limitations of wireless networks
Limited bandwidth
High latency
Limited computing environment
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#42

Benefits of WAP
WWW-based applications
Interoperability across network types
Efficient use of wireless network resources

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#43

Key Features of WAP

Markup language
Script Language
Designed to create services for small
handheld terminals
Wireless technology applications framework
Access to telephony related functions
Lightweight protocol stack
designed to minimize required bandwidth and
impact on latency
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#44

WAP Architecture
Client

WAP
User
Agents
WAP
Protocol
Stack

WSP
Request

WAP
Gateway/
Proxy
Encoders
Decoders

WSP
Respons
e

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

Protocol
Conversion

SMU

ENGINEERING

Origin
Server
HTTP
Request

HTTP
Response

CGI
Scripts

WML
WMLcript

#45

WAP Protocols and Standards

WAP stack design goal
Avoid establishment and tear down phases
Optimize for short request-response
transactions
Support wide range of wireless networks
Datagram is the most common transport
service
Minimize number of packets sent over the air
Moving data around is expensive
Avoid resending same (static) information
EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#46

WAP Protocols and Standards (cont)

HTTP

Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)

Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)

TLS-SSL
UDP
IP

Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)

Wireless Datagram
Protocol (WDP)
UDCP
USSD

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

UDP
IP (ICMP)

SMS

SMU

Etc

ENGINEERING

GPRS CDPD

#47

WAP Protocols and Standards (cont)

Runs over wireless networks including
GSM, SMS/USSD and IP networks
Has minimal requirements on bandwidth
and CPU power
Is based on HTTP/1.1 with necessary
enhancement

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#48

Wireless Application Environment (WAE)

Wireless markup language (WML)
Lightweight markup language similar to
HTML. Optimized for hand-held mobile
devices
WML script
Similar to Java Script, light weight scripting
language

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#49

Wireless Application Environment (WAE)

Wireless Telephony Application (WTA,
WTAI)
A framework and programming interface for
telephony services
Wireless BitMaP (WBMP)

EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003

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ENGINEERING

#50