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CCNA3 Module 4
Brierley
Topics
LAN congestion and its effect on network
performance
Advantages of LAN segmentation in a
network
Advantages and disadvantages of using
bridges, switches, and routers for LAN
segmentation
Effects of switching, bridging, and routing
on network throughput
Fast Ethernet technology and its benefits
CCNA3 Module 4
Brierley
CCNA3 Module 4
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The Ethernet/802.3
Interface
Known as a shared-medium technology
Uses a data frame broadcast method
Uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access/
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Half-Duplex Design
Tx
Ethernet
Controller
Collision
Detection
Tx
Loopback
Loopback
Rx
Ethernet NIC
Transmit
Receive
Collision
Detection
Ethernet
Controller
Rx
Ethernet NIC
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Half-Duplex Ethernet
Design (Standard Ethernet)
The transmit (TX) circuit is active at
the transmitting station
The receive (RX) circuit is active at
the receiving station
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Propagation Delay
Latency, also known as propagation delay.
Propagation delay is the time a frame or
packet takes to travel from the source node
to its destination
Adding hosts increases collisions, (increases
jam signals)
CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Ethernet Transmission
Times
Each Ethernet bit has a 100ns window
for transmission
A byte is eight bits
One byte takes a minimum of 800ns to
transmit (8 bits at 100ns per equals 800ns)
CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Improving LAN
Performance
Segmenting the network using Bridges,
Routers, or LAN Switches
Move to full duplex transmitting
Upgrade to Fast Ethernet
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Routers:
Segment broadcast domains
Forward packets based on network
layer addresses
Segment collision domains
CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Types of Transmission
Half-duplex
Full duplex
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Full-Duplex Ethernet
Overview
Full duplex Ethernet allows the
transmission of a packet and the
reception of a different packet at
the same time
Requires two pairs of conductors
and a switched connection between
each node
CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Collision
Detection
Loopback
Rx
TX
RX
Tx
Loopback
Collision
Detection
Rx
Full
Duplex
Ethernet
Controller
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Half Duplex
Full Duplex
HUB
Node must
Be directly attached to a dedicated
switched port
Have installed network interface card that
supports
CCNA3 Module 4full duplex
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Full-Duplex Ethernet
Design
Standard Ethernet normally can only use
50-60% of the 10Mbps available bandwidth
This is due to collisions and latency.
Full duplex Ethernet offers 100% of the
bandwidth in both directions
This produces a potential 20Mbps
throughput 10Mbps TX and 10Mbps RX
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Source MAC
address is used
to build this
table
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Benefits of Switching
Allows many users to communicate in
parallel
through the use of virtual circuits
in dedicated network segments
in a collision free environment
Cost effective
CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Symmetric Switching
A symmetric switch is optimized
through even distribution of network
traffic across the entire network
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before forwarding
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Asymmetric Switching
Asymmetric switching is optimized
for client-server network traffic
flows
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Memory Buffering
The area of memory where the switch
stores the destination and
transmission data is called the memory
buffer
It can make use of two methods for
forwarding packets
port based memory buffering or
shared memory buffering
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CCNA3 Module 4
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CCNA3 Module 4
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Cut-through
The switch reads the destination
address before receiving the entire
frame
The frame is then forwarded before the
entire frame arrives
This mode decreases the latency of the
transmission BUT has poor error
detection
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Fragment-Free Switching
Switch reads only the 1st
64 bytes of the
incoming frame before
forwarding
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Means the
switch is in cut
through mode
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Switched
The
New
Wiring
Closet
HUB
The
Old
Wiring
Closet
HUB
VLAN
System
HUB
HUB
LAN
Campus
Switch
HUB
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Benefits of Switching
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Switching Routing
Whats the difference?
Routing network Layer 3
Switching network Layer 2
CCNA3 Module 4
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Module 4
Switching Concepts
The End
CCNA3 Module 4
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