Nutrition of the

musculoskeletal

by Jullia Arida
Jen de Padua
Mae Dogelio
Complications of the
musculoskeletal
Include of:
osteoporosis
Arthritis
Amotrophy
Osteoporosis
The word osteoporosis literally means "porous
bones." It occurs when bones lose an excessive amount
of their protein and mineral content, particularly calcium.
Over time, bone mass, and therefore bone strength, is
decreased. As a result, bones become fragile and break
easily.
Degeneration of the bones with advancing age due to
loss of bone mineral and protein as a result of decreased
secretion of hormones (oestrogens in women and
testosterone in men). A high calcium intake in early life
may be beneficial, since this may result in greater bone
density at maturity.
effect of calcium absorption.

 A Calcium supplementation may be particularly

effective in populations with a low calcium diet.
Because Supplementations of around 500 mg/d may
produce a4% gain in skeletal calcium in adolescents
 Supplementations of 800 mg/d may prevent bone
loss in postmenopausal women.
 The supplementation may prevent hip and vertebral
fractures in the elderly.
 Vitamin D supplementation may be particularly useful
in vitamin D-deficient elderly. because, hip fractures
may be prevented by vitamin D administration.
 Urinary sodium excretion is correlated with urinary
calcium excretion in humans, and a direct effect of
high sodium intake on loss at the hip has been
demonstrated
 Nutritional therapy
 A healthful diet

 A diet containing whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, and calcium-rich
foods (such as dairy products, dark-green leafy vegetables, sardines, salmon,
and almonds)

 Women should also eat more soy products such as tofu, soy burgers, or miso.

 women should avoid foods that may accelerate bone loss.

 They should avoid having too much salt in their diet,

not only because salt raises the blood pressure but also because it
may contribute to osteoporosis.

 They should also cut down on coffee, caffeinated sodas, and alcohol.

 Caffeinated sodas are especially bad for the bones because in addition to
containing caffeine, they also have high amounts of phosphoric acid.
Athritis
Vitamins in the nutritional therapy
Include of
 Vitamin C is important for the synthesis of collagen and
the repair of connective tissue.
 Vitamin B6: Many older people are found to be deficient
in B6. The first symptoms of a deficiency include
tingling, pain, and stiffness in the hands. Arthritis
patients are recommended to take a supplement of B6 in
addition to the B6 that's in your recommended daily
antioxidant vitamin/mineral supplement.
 Vitamin A and the minerals zinc and copper are crucial
to the formation of collagen and connective tissues.
  Increased intake of antioxidants such as selenium and
vitamin E
may decrease free-radical damage to joint linings, which
diminish swelling and pain.

 Supplementation of calcium and vitamin D is also

recommended to decrease the risk of osteoporosis
that results from nutritional loss of these supplements,
from menopause and from concurrent steroid therapy
Antioxidant potential of some dietary carotenoids may
reduce inflammation.

 Drinking just one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice a

day may cut the risk of developing inflammatory forms of
arthritis.

 dietary carotenoids, including beta-cryptoxanthin (vitA)

and zeaxanthin (antioxidant), lower the risk of developing
arthritis.
 Zeaxanthin include of green leafy vegetables and
yellow/orange fruits and vegetables.
A Healthy Diet

 Eat a variety of foods

 Balance the food you eat with physical activity, maintain or

improve your weight

 Choose a diet with plenty of grain products and vegetables,

and fruits

 Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol

 Choose a diet moderate in sugars

 If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation

Amotrophy

 As the disease progresses, patients gradually lose the ability to

chew or swallow easily.

At the same time, the abdominal and pelvic muscles weaken, and
depression frequently sets in.

Patients often lose the ability and desire to eat, and malnutrition
is a common problem

 Unfortunately, the lack of adequate nutrition is especially

dangerous for patients. A patient's increased efforts to breathe can
result in a greater metabolic rate and the need for a higher caloric
intake.

 Inadequate nutrition can further accelerate the breakdown of

muscle tissue and weaken the immune system. This can lead to
infection, which is a common cause of death in ALS patients
Vitamins and Minerals: The First
Line of Defense
 Vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin).
Ultrahigh doses of vitamin B12 (25 mg) have been shown to improve or
slow muscle wasting,
which is common among ALS patients in the later stages of the disease

 Vitamin E.
Vitamin E has attracted significant attention from ALS researchers as a
result of its antioxidant properties. Vitamin E protects cell membranes
against a process known as lipid peroxidation.

Lipid peroxidation is the breakdown of the cell membrane, which could play a
role in degenerative diseases such as ALS.

 Zinc.
Zinc is an important mineral involved in many physiological
processes. During periods of oxidative stress, changes in zinc
metabolism that lead to neurodegeneration can occur .
Th@Nk yoU