Enel Grid Bratislava

Smart Grid Project
Sandra Scalari
ENEL Research Technical Area
Bratislava, 27th May 2008
Uso:
Aziendale
European SmartGrids Technology Platform

Its aim is to formulate and promote a vision for the development
of Europes electricity networks looking towards 2020 and beyond,
driving European and national research.
Uso:
Aziendale
Why Distributed Generation should increase ?
Higher efficiency in energy conversion, due to Distributed
production of heat and electricity (CHP plants)

Renewable energy sources exploitation, which are intrinsically
Reduction of transmission and distribution costs, although this
depends on DG location
Modularity of DG Technologies, that is expected reduction of costs
due to a scale factor
Improvement in reliability and quality of supply, depending on
possible improvement of DG and network operation
Adoption of targets by national and international governs and
authorities, to support RES and CHP development
Possibility of open and competitive markets, end-user oriented
Uso:
Aziendale
Present barriers to DG exploitation
High technology costs

Existing distribution network are not designed and/or operated to
support DG integration, new criteria and rules have to be defined
Ancillary services for DG are not fully recognized

DG success is related to the development of Smart Grids.
Active distribution grids with widespread integration of small
size generators and distributed intelligence, able to support
end users interactivity with market and grid operators
Uso:
Aziendale
Responding to new needs
User-centric approach: increased interest in electricity market

opportunities, flexible demand, micro generation,
Electricity networks renewal and innovation: efficient asset

management, increasing degree of automation,
Security of supply: diversification of energy sources, promotion of

renewable energy sources, increase network capacity, higher
reliability and quality,..
Liberalized markets: opportunities for developing new products

and services, ..
Uso:
Aziendale
From today to tomorrow: Grid Evolution

From traditional grids
Large Generation Stations

Centralized control
Unidirectional power flows
Regional power flow capacity
Limited interaction with loads
To grids of tomorrow
Extensive small distributed generation

Coordinated local energy management
Bidirectional power flows
Cross border trading of power and grid
services
Flexible DSM and customer-driven
added services
Uso:
Key elements of the vision: what we need
A toolbox of proven technical

solution
Harmonized
regulatory
and
commercial frameworks
Shared technical standards and
protocols
Information, computing and
telecommunication systems
Interfacing of new and old
design, that is interoperability
of equipments
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Transition towards Smart Grids
The transition from current distribution networks towards Smart Grids will pass
through three significant succeeding steps. During this transition the focus will
pass from energy value to information value
Active Network: medium voltage grids with a strong penetration of distributed generation; this
generation is directly controlled from DSO, depending on network power flows.
Micro-Grid: low voltage grids with renewable source generation and storage systems; the grid can
be island operated and emergency connected to the main grid.
Virtual utilities: internet like grids where energy is locally generated but negotiated among
producers and consumers according to a price signal.
Uso:
Enel Distribution Network
Medium Voltage
2000 Primary Substations (HV/MV)

334.000 km
87.500 MVA
Low Voltage
345.000 Secondary Substations (MV/LV)

725.000 km
65.700 MVA
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Enel Environment and Innovation Project:

Smart Grid Project
Objective:
Development and Experimentation of innovative solutions for a strong penetration
of distributed generation from renewable sources in distribution grids, according to
the European SmartGrids Technology Platform guidelines.
Responsibilities:
Distribution
Research Technical Area
Grid Models
Generator Models
MV grid control and

protection systems
Generator Control Systems
MV grid communication
systems
Field Tests
10
Uso:
Aziendale
Project Phases
Optimized Management of Well-established Technologies
Grids with bidirectional
power flows
Active Grids
Innovative Technologies
Smart Grids
Advanced Technologies
Research will support the most innovative part of well-established

technologies and will develop medium and long time term projects
supporting involved operating units.
11
Uso:
Aziendale
First Phase: Optimized Management of Actual Grids

Transmission Grid (HV)
Control Centre
Distribution Grid
(MV)
Objectives:
To manage distribution grids with
high penetration of DG, avoiding
generation detachment for single
protection intervention
To allow a major penetration of
distributed generation
To increase system reliability
12
Uso:
Aziendale
Second phase: Active Grids

Transmission Grid (HV)
Control Centre
Distribution Grid
(MV)
Objectives:
To allow island operation
To manage generation and load
balancing
To manage separation and parallel
with other grids
To improve grid access
To increase grid availability
13
Uso:
Aziendale
Third phase: Smart Grid (DMS)
Objectives:
To allow production dispatchment
To allow demand response and
demand side management
To promote the development of an
energy market
To allow energy network
integration (Gas and electricity)
To allow grid services exchange
14
Uso:
Research and Universities Cooperation

6 Electrical Engineering Departments :
BOLOGNA, CAGLIARI, GENOVA, NAPOLI, PADOVA, PISA
University will support Enel Research in the most innovative

aspects of the project and in the development of medium
and long time projects: it will actively cooperate to the
experimental tests.
The main cooperation areas will be:
Mathematical Models
Laboratory tests
University and Research can rely on:
Knowledge and personnel

Availability of Complementary competences
Strong team work vocation and application of scientific knowledge
15
Aziendale
Uso:
Smart Grid: 2007-2011 Development Plan

Permissions
2007
Project
2008
Autorizzazione costruzione
infrastruttura sperimentale
Business plan approval

and first bureaucratic
procedures
Test network definiton
Test Facility first design
Test facility Components
identifcation
SW tools acquisition
Instrumentation Acquisition
Progettazione esecutiva
Simulazione gestione rete
attiva
Progettazione funzionalit
e gestione DMS per la reti
attive
Acquisizione componenti
infrastruttura
Apertura cantiere per
Avvio procedure per
completamento forniture
Commissioning e prove su
sistemi acquisiti
Sperimentazione
strumentazione e
comunicazione
Construction
and
commissioning
2009
Completamento
autorizzazioni per
sottorete BT
Progettazione matrice di
prove per rete prototipale
Progettazione e
specificazione rete e
dispositivi BT
Acquisizione componenti
infrastruttura
Realizzazione
infrastruttura
sperimentale
Avviamento ed
integrazione sistemi
Avvio procedure per
acquisizione sistemi BT
Experimental
Activity
2010
Simulazione Rete di
riferimento MT/BT
Progettazione
funzionalit e gestione
DMS per la reti smart
MT/BT
Acquisizioni e
integrazione sistemi BT
2011
Integrazione reti
MT/BT
Sperimentazione della
rete attiva MT/BT
rete attiva MT
rete attiva MT
16
Aziendale
Uso:
Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS

2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
17
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Modeling and Simulation Analysis (1)
General objectives
To define the project vision, the fundamental concepts and the system architecture.
To develop the necessary tools to support all project phases through numerical
simulations.
Notes
The definition of one ore more simulation environments allows:
Exchange of simulation configurations
Sharing of data and results among the project partecipants
2007-2008 Activity
Topology and data identification of test network
Identification and acquisition of simulation environments
Development, integration and test of component models
18
Uso:

Reference Network
Development and use of simulation tools to

support all steps of the project has initiated
The chosen reference network is a typical

distribution MV grid, working in radial mode
with the possibility of connections. It includes:
Feeders
departing
from
one
HV/MV
substation
Distributed Generators (DG)
Implementation of the Smart Grid model of

Livorno site is almost completed
19
Aziendale
Uso:

Reference Network
Adopted Software Platforms :

DIgSilent Power Factory: for the steadystate phenomena analysis
EMTP-RV: for the fast transition phenomena

analysis
Developed models:
Gas turbine and wind generator
Static VAR compensator
Dynamic loads
Lines, protections and substations
Developed DMS and EMS functions:
Generation curtailment
Load shedding
Voltage and power control strategies with
coordinated behaviour of generation units
Power Quality indexes calculation
20
Aziendale
Uso:

21
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Smart Grid Test Facilities (1)
General Objectives
To verify the feasibility of developed solution on real distribution networks, along all project
phases
Notes
This activity includes:
Design and development of Livorno Experimental Area
All activities related to test of innovative instrumentation, communication rigs
Integration of developed solutions on real Distribution networks
2007-2008 Activities
Design, authorization plan, components acquisition for Livorno Experimental Area
Design, acquisition and first application of measurement tools and instruments
22
Uso:
Aziendale
Smart Grid Test Facility (2)

The Smart Grid experimental area realization is in progress in the
Research Experimental Area of Livorno, Italy
Experimental issues:
Management of balance including

independent thermal and electric loads
Operation in intentional islanding and

connected to public network
Study and development of control and

interface systems
Study of storage and a compensation

systems with power and quality functions
Study and development of protection

systems for low short circuit power systems
Development of grid operation and control

systems
Test and development of communication

systems
23
Uso:
The test facility includes:
A dispatching 15kV panel, including two

sections to allow the configuration of a MV
feeder with different topologies, up to four
nodes.
A connection to MV public grid through the

upstream grid emulation system and island
switchgear
Cable and over-head line emulators

An electrical test area with several
generation systems
A thermal test area for load emulation

A test facility with a low voltage active grid
connected with the Smart Grid
24
Aziendale
Uso:

Medium/Low Voltage Active Grid Prototype
25
Aziendale
Uso:

Instrumentation for control and power quality
Distributed architecture for different types of
instruments:
Standards instruments : commercial CT and VT

High-performance instruments : Fluke family
Prototypal customer instruments : CRIO
National Instruments
Instrument Applications:
Monitoring and control of the main electrical

measurements at the network nodes
Determination of the parameters to define
Power Quality indexes

Developing innovative tools for the analysis,
management and control of active networks
Voltage measurements in order to develop
synchro phasors analysis
26
Aziendale
Uso:

27
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Distribuited Generation Systems (1)

The research themes, which will be validated first in the simulation
environment and then on the field, are:
Dispersed generation modeling for the evaluation of coordinated behavior
of generation units, with following integration on a real operated grid.
Voltage control strategies on MV active network, to be implemented in
generator control systems.
Integrated management of network resources, deriving some concepts
from HV secondary regulation. Test will be undertaken in critical
conditions, both connected to the grid and in islanding mode.
Smart Grid MV Generation units: Generation types were chosen
according to current distributed generation parks.
A conventional generation system (1MWe) consisting of an internal
combustion motor and a co-generation system.
A gas turbine based generation system (about 650 kWe) and a trigenerative system, including a boiler and an absorption chiller.
Two Fuel Cell generation system (250 and 500 kWe), based on different
technologies
28
Uso:
Aziendale
Low Voltage Grid Components

Low Voltage Generation Systems:
Micro Grid test facility
Wide spectrum of market available
technologies:
Photovoltaic Panels
Mini Wind Generators
Small Domestic cogeneration
systems
Fuel Cells
Low Voltage Grid Loads:

Real loads, such as a smart house
loads
Load emulation for developing a nd
testing of advanced load management
Generator size:10 100 kW.
29
Uso:

30
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (1)

Storage system
Aims of the Project:
To identify storage systems typologies and
accommodation, according to their capacity

and use.
31
Uso:
Aziendale

Static VAR Compensator System
Aims of the Project:
Conceive storage systems functions,

size and position.
Improve the management of the grid.

Improve the quality of the service.
Research and Experimental s Themes:
Development, implementation and test of the following services:
Power and energy transfer
Slow voltage regulation and rephasing
Emergency
Active filtering
Ramp
Fast voltage regulation and rephasing
Short-time interruptions and voltage holes coverage
32
Uso:
Aziendale

Static VAR Compensator System
Power Quality Service
Case of study: 1MW load and a 1MVA compensator.
The transient reported shows the tripping of the mains at t=0.7s, the resynchronisation at t=1.7s, a step in the voltage reference Vrf0 at t=2.5s
and a step in the frequency reference f0 at t=3.5s.
1000
P [kW]
Q [kvar]
750
500
250
0
-250
0.5
1.5
2.5
time [s]
3.5
4.5
P [kW]
Q [kvar]
0.5
1.5
2.5
time [s]
3.5
4.5
Fig. 5. Load real and reactive power
Fig. 3. Inverter real and reactive power.
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
-250
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
-250
50.5
P [kW]
Q [kvar]
50
[Hz]
49.5
49
0.5
1.5
2.5
time [s]
3.5
Fig. 4. Mains supplied real and reactive power.
4.5
48.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
time [s]
3.5
Fig. 6. Inverter terminal frequency
33
4.5
Uso:

34
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Emulated Systems (1)

Electrical Load Emulators
The research activity will afford themes related to load estimation, modelling
techniques and load control policies.
As it will be necessary to reply different load trends, according to network

power level, an emulation load system will be employed.
Through a proper controlled inverter system it will be possible to reproduce

active and reactive load power profiles for an amount of about 2MW.
Thermal Load Emulators
The availability of thermal emulation system is essential to dissipate the thermal

power produced by co/tri-generative systems, in an independent way of real
available thermal users.
This system will allow the modulation of the cold/warm load request in order
to control generators in different ways (thermal or electrical load follow modes).
Thermal load profiles will be reproduced to simulate the real behaviour of this
type of systems when they are connected to a real heating/conditioning
network.
35
Uso:
Aziendale
Emulated Systems (2)

Electrical Generation Units Emulators
The size and the urban location of the test facility do not allow the installation of
renewable generation such as wind park.
This type of electrical generation will be emulated through controlled inverter

systems; these will allow the reproduction of different generation profiles and the
emulation of the control system too.
Electrical Grid and Line Emulators

In order to test a variable topology network some devices could vary total
impedance of MV electrical lines or of the upstream network.
Through the network emulator the feeding condition of the experimental
network could be varied respect to the upstream primary station.
The dispatching panel, together with the protection and lines emulation
system, will set up a MV feeder, emulating over-head and underground
lines for an amount of about 30 km.
36
Uso:

37
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
SCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (1)

Today and future issues for MV network management
Maintenance of adequate voltage profiles

Management of protections systems
Control of power conversion systems
Network stability
Dispatching of different resources
Management of power quality
Providing of ancillary services
The research project objectives:

Guidelines for the DG integration in the planning of electricity networks, including protection
devices and related control system
Identification of innovative HW/SW tools to develop new network management criteria
Criteria for integrated management of generators and loads
Criteria for establishment of a MV dispatching system
Identification and valorization of ancillary services
Evolution from control and supervision to integrated management
38
Uso:
Aziendale

The automation and control system of the test facility network
The automation and control system of the test facility network was designed with
the objective of getting a suitable environment for the development, integration
and testing of management functions of a MV grid.
Basic functions for managing the network in a safety way (SCADA Server)
Innovative features of management and coordinated control of devices in the network
(DMS Server)
Input
Consumption and generation programs
Real-time Power Request Adjustment
Measurements from nodes in the field
Output
Operation Set Point for MV generators and loads
Operation Set Point for LV micro-grid controller
Optimization
Power flows on the MV and LV network
Exploitation of distributed energy resources
Power Quality at each network node
39
Uso:
Aziendale

System architecture
Architectural requests:
Modularity HW to allow start-up sizing and
future expansion of the plant
Flexibility of functions performed by

centralized service station
High reliability, obtained by redundant main

systems and by sub-division of the system
into autonomous functional areas
Interoperability of electrical devices

High maintainability, guaranteed by auto
diagnostic functions and by automatic
recovery of anomalies
40
Uso:

41
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Communication System (1)

Requirements
The communication system will ensure:

Efficiency: ability to exchange data in real-time mode
Reliability: possibility of retaining data exchange in situations of difficulty of
communication (distance, meteorological agents, presence of foreign sources and
noises) and to restore the link once interrupted;
Security: it will be essential to secure the secrecy and integration of the information
Low-Cost: it allows widespread installation which distribution network
42
Uso:

Architecture
The communication system of the experimental

area should allow the exchange of information
and commands for the project activities,
identifying the most suitable technologies for
the different application, both in testing and in
the real operation of the generators.
Data exchange will then be tested also in the
application level. Particularly, the communication

standard IEC61850 is suitable to create a fast
and flexible communication structure.
The architecture of communication system

provides interconnection between various
components and buildings using as physical layer
fiber optic cables.
43
Aziendale
Uso:

Experimental activities in the test facility
Research and Experimental s Themes:
Development, implementation and test of the following technologies:
Link from DMS to local controller of

generators/ MV load: Hiperlan
Link from DMS to microgrid controller of

LV: UMTS
Link from microgrid controller to
LV
load/generators : Powerline
44
Aziendale
Uso:

45
Aziendale
Uso:
Aziendale
Regulation, Authority, Ancillary services
General Objectives
Identification and valorization of new ancillary services to be integrated in Smart
Grids management
Definition and tracing of a new organic normative system
Notes
New services :
From generation systems
From active distribution networks towards transmission networks
DSO-TSO New Relationships
Rights/Dues definition for the different actors
Regulation activity must be continuous and will affect:
Technical committees and National/ European authorities
Network Access Rules Definition
Valorization of multi-carrier distribution systems (electricity gas)
46
Smart Grid Project

Sandra Scalari
ENEL Research Technical Area
27th May 2008

Enel Grid Bratislava

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Smart Grid Project

Bratislava, 27th May 2008

European SmartGrids Technology Platform

Why Distributed Generation should increase ?

Higher efficiency in energy conversion, due to Distributed

production of heat and electricity (CHP plants)

Present barriers to DG exploitation

High technology costs

Ancillary services for DG are not fully recognized

Responding to new needs

User-centric approach: increased interest in electricity market

Electricity networks renewal and innovation: efficient asset

Security of supply: diversification of energy sources, promotion of

Liberalized markets: opportunities for developing new products

From today to tomorrow: Grid Evolution

Large Generation Stations

Extensive small distributed generation

Key elements of the vision: what we need

A toolbox of proven technical

Transition towards Smart Grids

Enel Distribution Network

2000 Primary Substations (HV/MV)

345.000 Secondary Substations (MV/LV)

Enel Environment and Innovation Project:

Research Technical Area

MV grid control and

Generator Control Systems

Research will support the most innovative part of well-established

First Phase: Optimized Management of Actual Grids

Second phase: Active Grids

Third phase: Smart Grid (DMS)

Research and Universities Cooperation

University will support Enel Research in the most innovative

Knowledge and personnel

Smart Grid: 2007-2011 Development Plan

Business plan approval

Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS

Modeling and Simulation Analysis (1)

Modeling and Simulation Analysis (2)

Development and use of simulation tools to

The chosen reference network is a typical

Distributed Generators (DG)

Implementation of the Smart Grid model of

Modeling and Simulation Analysis (3)

Adopted Software Platforms :

EMTP-RV: for the fast transition phenomena

Power Quality indexes calculation

Smart Grid: Macro Activities

1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS

Smart Grid Test Facilities (1)

Smart Grid Test Facility (2)

Management of balance including

Operation in intentional islanding and

Study and development of control and

Study of storage and a compensation

Study and development of protection

Development of grid operation and control

Test and development of communication

Smart Grid Test Facility (3)

The test facility includes:

A dispatching 15kV panel, including two

A connection to MV public grid through the

Cable and over-head line emulators