Asbestos Awareness For Employees

ASBESTOS SAFETY
AWARENESS TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES
CORPORATE SAFETY TRAINING

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1028
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1101
WELCOME
Copyright SafetyInstruction.com 2006
ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 1 OF 65
YOUR INSTRUCTOR
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Discuss Asbestos OSHA Regulatory Criteria.
Discuss Asbestos Safety Program Requirements.
Discuss General Concepts of Toxicology.
Discuss What Asbestos Is.
Discuss Where Asbestos Can Be Found.
Discuss When Asbestos Is Dangerous.
Discuss The Health Effects of Asbestos Exposure.
Discuss How to Avoid Asbestos Exposure.
BASIS FOR THIS COURSE

35 Fatalities Annually (typically).
25,000 Employees Develop Illness or are Injured Annually.
Asbestos Exposure is a Major Source of Employee Illness.
Most Injuries Can be Prevented Through Proper Training.
Most Workers Who Develop Illness Lose Time From Their Jobs.
This Training Helps Improve:
Safety
Morale
Productivity
Employee well-being
COURSE ATTENDEES
All Asbestos Users.
Safety Committees.
Department Managers.
First Line Supervisors.
Accident Investigation Team Members.
REGULATORY STANDARD
THE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE
FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1
EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a place of
employment free of recognized hazards that are
causing or are likely to cause death or serious
physical harm to employees. Employers must
comply with occupational safety and health
standards promulgated under the Williams-Steiger
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
OSHA ACT OF 1970
INDUSTRIAL REGULATIONS
29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
1910 - INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
1028 - ASBESTOS
DANGER
ASBESTOS
CONTAINING
MATERIAL
CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS
29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS
1926 - INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
1101 - ASBESTOS
DANGER
ASBESTOS
CONTAINING
MATERIAL
OSHA CIVIL PENALTIES POLICY

BEFORE MARCH 1, 1991:
VIOLATION NARRATIVE: TEN (10) EMPLOYEES WERE
NOTED NOT WEARING EYE PROTECTION IN AREAS
WHERE A REASONABLE PROBABILITY OF EYE INJURY
COULD OCCUR.
PENALTY: $500
DANGER
ASBESTOS
CONTAINING
MATERIAL

(Continued)
AS OF MARCH 1, 1991:
CHANGES IN PENALTY COMPUTATION:
1. PENALTIES BROKEN OUT INDIVIDUALLY.
2. PENALTIES INCREASED SEVEN FOLD.

(Continued)
AS OF MARCH 1, 1991:
VIOLATION NARRATIVE: TEN (10) EMPLOYEES WERE
NOTED NOT WEARING EYE PROTECTION IN AREAS
WHERE A REASONABLE PROBABILITY OF EYE
INJURY COULD OCCUR.
$ 10 VIOLATIONS TIMES $500 = $5000
$ 5000 TIMES SEVEN = $35,000
PENALTY: $35000
BEFORE MARCH, 1991:

$500
AS OF MARCH, 1991: $35,000
GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:
Establish a Written Program.
Address Asbestos Safety Issues.
Conduct Asbestos Safety Training.
Conduct Regular Asbestos Inspections.
Provide the Proper Asbestos PPE for the Job.
Conduct Work Area Hazard Surveillance.
Address Removal, Maintenance, Storage and Disposal of
Asbestos Containing Material (ACM).
EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITIES
Protection Against Asbestos Containing Materials (ACM) Will Be
Provided by the Employer When Necessary to Provide safe access
to work areas.
The Protection Provided Will Be Suitable for the Intended Use.
The Employer Is Responsible for Establishing and Maintaining an
Asbestos Safety Program Whenever Asbestos Containing Materials
Are Present.
EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES
The Employee Must Use Asbestos Protective
Equipment and Safety Procedures in Accordance With
Instructions and Training Provided by The Company.
The Employee Must Guard Against Damage to Labeled
Asbestos Containing Materials. Any Known Missing
Labels or Signage Should be Reported to His or Her
Supervisor.
The Employee Must Report Any Suspect Asbestos
Releases Due to Crumbling Insulating Materials or
Damage From Forklifts or Other Machinery Etc.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:
Training Must Establish Proficiency.
Explain The Hazards and Precautions Associated with Asbestos.
Training Must be Conducted Prior to Job Assignment.
Explain The Reason Asbestos Safety Training is Needed.
Explain Why Asbestos Protection is Needed for a Specific Job.
Explain Proper Precautions, Maintenance and Storage of ACM.
Explain The Nature, Extent and Effects of Asbestos Usage.
RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS
REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A:
Close-Call Event.
Program Related Injury.
Change in Job Assignment.
New Hazard Control Methods.
Change in Written Procedures.
Failure in the Safety Procedures.
New Asbestos Hazards in the Job.
New Types of Personal Protective Equipment.
Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.
ASBESTOS SAFETY TRAINING IS

IMPORTANT
A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP:
Reduce injury and illness rates.

Acceptance of high-turnover jobs.
SAFETY
PROGRAM
Workers feel better about their work.

Reduce workers compensation costs.
Elevate OSHA compliance to a higher level.
SCOPE AND APPLICATION

The Asbestos Standard covers asbestos exposure in all
work as defined in 29 CFR 1910.12, regardless of the type
of work site or location.
Includes but is not limited to the following:
Demolition or salvage of structure.

Removal or encapsulation of materials.
Construction, alteration, repair, maintenance, or renovation.
Installation of products containing asbestos.
Spill/emergency clean-up.
Transportation, disposal, storage, containment and
housekeeping activities on the site where construction
activities are performed.
DEFINITIONS
Asbestos: Chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos,

anthophyllite asbestos, actinolite asbestos, and any of these
minerals that have been chemically altered; includes PACM.
ACM: Asbestos-containing material, any material containing
>1% asbestos.
PACM: Presumed asbestos-containing material.
Surfacing Material: Material that is sprayed, troweled-on, or
otherwise applied to surfaces.
Thermal System Insulation (TSI): ACM applied to pipes, fittings,
boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts or other structural components
to prevent heat loss or gain.
DEFINITIONS
Class I Asbestos Work: Activities involving the removal of

TSI or surfacing ACM and PACM.
Class II Asbestos Work: Activities involving the removal of
ACM which is not TSI or surfacing material. Examples:
removal of asbestos-containing wallboard, floor tile, and
roofing shingles.
Class III Asbestos Work: Repair and maintenance
operations where ACM and/or PACM is likely to be
disturbed.
Class IV Asbestos Work: Maintenance and custodial
activities during which employees contact but do not
disturb ACM or PACM and activities to clean up dust, waste
and debris resulting from Class I, II, and III activities.
DEFINITIONS
AHERA: Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act, 40CFR 735

Building/Facility Owner: The legal entity, including a lessee,
which exercises control over management and recordkeeping
function relating to a building and/or facility in which activities
covered by this standard take place.
Disturbance: Activities that disrupt the matrix of ACM or PACM,
crumble or pulverize ACM or PACM, or generate visible debris
from ACM or PACM.
Disturbance: Includes cutting away small amounts of ACM and
PACM, no greater than the amount which can be contained in
one standard-sized glove bag or waste bag in order to access a
building component.
DEFINITIONS
Friable: Means that asbestos is easily crumbled by hand,

releasing fibers into the air.
HEPA: High Efficiency Particulate Air. A type of filter which can
filter minute particulates from the air.
Intact: ACM that has not crumbled, been pulverized, or otherwise
deteriorated so that the asbestos is no longer likely to be bound
with its matrix.
Thermal System Insulation (TSI): ACM applied to pipes, fittings,
boilers, breeching, tanks, ducts or other structural components
to prevent heat loss or gain.
PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS

Time-Weighted Average Limit: 0.1 fiber/cubic
centimeter as an 8-hour TWA.
Excursion Limit: 1.0 fiber/cubic centimeter as
averaged over 30 minutes.
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY
Hazardous Material. A Material That Falls Into One or More Of the
Following Categories. Hazardous Materials Can Have One or Many
Characteristics That Can Add to the Intensity of the Toxic Action of a
Particular Solid, Liquid, or Gas.
Ignitability Is Flammable or Combustible.

Reactivity
Can React With Itself or Other Materials.
Corrosivity Can Deteriorate Another Substance.

Toxicity
In Its Normal State Is Harmful to Living Things.

(Continued)
EVERYTHING IS TOXIC;
IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE DOSE
How Well the Body Accepts a Substance Depends on:
The Type of Substance.

The Amount (Dose) Absorbed.
The Period of Time Over Which It Is Absorbed.
The Susceptibility/Sensitivity of the Person Exposed.

(Continued)
FOUR PRIMARY ROUTES
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION

(Continued)
INHALATION
Breathing and smoking causes

us to inhale substances which
enter the lungs.
Substance
inhaled into the lungs are
readily absorbed into the blood
stream.
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION

(Continued)
INGESTION
Swallowing a substance causes

penetration into the blood
stream via the stomach and
small intestine.
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION

(Continued)
ABSORPTION
Entering the body through the

skin causes substances to enter
the blood stream at a slower rate
than by inhalation or absorption.
However, the resulting entry and
distribution within the body is
the same.
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION

(Continued)
INJECTION
Injection occurs when substances

are forced through this skin. This
can occur as a result of such
means as compressed air, or by
having the skin abraded by a
penetrating object.
INHALATION
INGESTION
ABSORPTION
INJECTION

(Continued)
EXPOSURE LIMITS
SOURCES INCLUDE:
American Conference of Gov. Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

(Continued)
EXPOSURE LIMITS
American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists:
Threshold Limit Values (TLV).
(Respiratory)
Biological Exposure Indices (BEI). (Dermal)
8 Hour Time Weighted Averages (TWA).
- How Much a Worker Can Be Exposed to in an 8 Hr. Shift.
Published by ACGIH Annually, Provides Exposure Levels.
Legally Enforceable.

(Continued)
EXPOSURE LIMITS
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA):
Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)

Found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 (The Z Tables)
Establishes OSHAs Exposure Levels
Legally Enforceable

(Continued)
EXPOSURE LIMITS
National Institute for Occupational Safety And Health (NIOSH):
Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
Used to Develop New OSHA Standards
Found in: NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational
Health Standards
WHAT IS ASBESTOS
Asbestos is the name applied to six naturally occurring
minerals that are mined from the earth. They are:
- Amosite
- Chrysotile
- Tremolite
- Actinolite
- Anthophyllite
- Crocidolite
Of these, three are very common:

- Chrysotile (white) is the most common.
- Amosite (brown / off-white).
- Crocidolite (blue).
WHAT IS ASBESTOS
All types of asbestos tend to break into tiny fibers.
Individual fibers must be identified using a microscope.
Fibers may be up to 700 times smaller than human hair.
Fibers may stay suspended in air for hours or days.
Asbestos fibers are virtually indestructible.
They are resistant to chemicals and heat.
They do not evaporate into air or dissolve in water.
They do not break down over time.
Probably the best insulator known to man.
Has been used in over 3,000 different products.
WHAT IS ASBESTOS
Usually asbestos is mixed with other
materials to form products.
Floor tiles, for example, may contain only
a small percentage of asbestos.
Depending on what the product is, the
amount of asbestos in Asbestos
Containing Materials (ACM) may vary
from 1 - 100%.
WHERE CAN ASBESTOS BE FOUND
ASBESTOS FIBERS AS SEEN THROUGH A MICROSCOPE


Examples of Products That Might Contain Asbestos:
Floor tiles.
Ceiling tiles.
Roofing shingles.
Wall and ceiling insulation.
Putties, caulks, and cements.
Brake linings and clutch pads.
Insulation for pipes and boilers.
Siding shingles on old residential buildings.
Joint compound in older buildings and homes.
Sprayed on fire proofing and insulation in buildings.
Wall and ceiling texture in older buildings and homes.

Buildings that have asbestos-containing materials
in them will have notices posted to inform
employees.
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEE
This facility has been inspected for the
presence of Asbestos Containing Material.
Asbestos Containing Material is present
in this facility.
Asbestos Containing
Material may cause health problem.
WHEN IS ASBESTOS DANGEROUS

The most common route of entry is through inhalation.
Asbestos Containing Material is not generally harmful
unless it is releasing dust or fibers and inhaled or
ingested.
Many fibers will become trapped in the mucous
membranes of the nose and throat where they can then
be removed, but some pass deep into the lungs.
If fibers are swallowed, they can reach the digestive
tract.
Once trapped in the body, fibers can cause health
problems.
WHEN IS ASBESTOS DANGEROUS

Asbestos is most hazardous when it is friable.
Friable means that the asbestos is easily crumbled by
hand, releasing fibers into the air.
Sprayed-on asbestos insulation is highly friable.
Asbestos floor tile is not.
Asbestos-containing ceiling tiles, floor tiles, shingles,
fire doors, siding shingles, etc., will not release fibers
unless they are disturbed or damaged.
If asbestos ceiling tile is drilled or broken, it may
release fibers into the air causing an inhalation hazard.

Asbestos pipe and boiler insulation does not
present a hazard unless the protective canvas
covering is cut or damaged in such a way that the
asbestos underneath is actually exposed to the
air.
Alveoli

Damage and deterioration to pipe and boiler
insulation will increase the friability of asbestoscontaining materials.
Water damage, continual vibration, aging, and
physical impact can break the materials down
making fiber release more likely.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF ASBESTOS EXPOSURE

Because it is so hard to destroy asbestos fibers, the
body cannot break them down or remove them once
they are lodged in lung or body tissues. They remain
in place where they can cause disease.
There are three primary diseases associated with
asbestos exposure:
Asbestosis.
Lung Cancer.
Mesothelioma.

ASBESTOSIS:
Serious, chronic, non-cancerous respiratory disease.
Inhaled fibers aggravate lung tissue causing scarring.
Symptoms include:
Shortness of breath
Dry crackling sound in the lungs while inhaling.
In its advanced stages, may cause cardiac failure.

ASBESTOSIS:
No effective treatment for asbestosis.
Disease is usually disabling or fatal.
Minimal for those who do not work with asbestos.
Disease is rarely caused by non work exposure.
Building renovation or demolition may cause significant
risk, depending on the nature of the exposure and
precautions taken.

LUNG CANCER:
Lung cancer causes the largest number of deaths
related to asbestos exposure.
Incidence of lung cancer in mining, milling,
manufacturing and use of asbestos and its products is
much higher than in the general population.
Most common symptoms include:
Coughing.
Change in breathing.
Shortness of breath.
Persistent chest pains.
Hoarseness, and anemia.

LUNG CANCER:
People who have been exposed to asbestos and are
also exposed to some other carcinogen -- such as
cigarette smoke -- have a significantly greater risk of
developing lung cancer than people who have only
been exposed to asbestos.
One study found that asbestos workers who smoke are
about 90 times more likely to develop lung cancer than
people who neither smoke nor have been exposed to
asbestos.

MESOTHELIOMA:
Rare form of cancer which most often occurs in the
thin membrane lining of the lungs, chest, abdomen,
and (rarely) heart.
About 200 cases are diagnosed each year in the U.S.
Virtually all cases are linked with asbestos exposure.
Approximately 2 percent of all miners and textile
workers who work with asbestos contract it.

MESOTHELIOMA:
10 percent of all workers involved in the manufacture of
asbestos-containing gas masks, contract mesothelioma.
Increased risk:
Asbestos mines.
Near asbestos mining areas.
Asbestos mills and factories.
Shipyards that use asbestos.
Near asbestos product factories.
People who live with asbestos workers.
Workers who manufacture and install asbestos insulation.

OTHER CANCERS:
Evidence suggests that cancers in the:

Esophagus
Larynx
Oral Cavity
Stomach
Colon
Kidney
May be caused by ingesting asbestos.
DETERMINING FACTORS IN DISEASE

Three things seem to determine your likelihood of
developing one of these asbestos related diseases:
1. The amount and duration of exposure.
2. Whether or not you smoke.
3. Age.

THE AMOUNT AND DURATION OF EXPOSURE:
The more you are exposed to asbestos and the more
fibers that enter your body, the greater the risk.
While there is no "safe level" of asbestos exposure,
people who are exposed more frequently over a long
period of time are more at risk.

WHETHER OR NOT YOU SMOKE:
If you smoke and you have been exposed to asbestos,
you are far more likely to develop lung cancer.
If you work with asbestos or have been exposed to it,
the first thing you should do to reduce your chances
of developing cancer is to stop smoking.
Organizations that may offer help:
National Cancer Institute (1-800-4-CANCER)
American Heart Association (1-800-242-8721)

AGE:
Mesothelioma has occurred in children of asbestos
workers whose only exposures were from clothing of
family members who worked with asbestos.
The younger people are when they inhale asbestos,
the more likely they are to develop mesothelioma.
Because each exposure to asbestos increases the
body burden of asbestos fibers, it is very important to
reduce and minimize exposures.
HOW TO AVOID ASBESTOS EXPOSURE

Be aware of the locations ACM is likely to be found.
Assume something is ACM until it is verified otherwise.
Remember, you cannot tell if floor or ceiling tiles
contain asbestos just by looking at them.
Never try to take an asbestos samples yourself unless
you are licensed to do so.
If you have reason to suspect that something is ACM
either because it is labeled as such, or because it
something that is likely to contain ACM (9" floor tile, for
example) DO NOT DISTURB IT.

Never:
Drill
Hammer
Cut
Saw
Break
Damage
Move
Disturb
Any ACM OR PACM.


SPILL CONTAINMENT:
Report any damaged ACM to: ________________.
Do not attempt to clean up spills yourself.
Disturb ACM as little as possible.
Report any:
Damaged pipe insulation.
Ceiling tile.
9" floor tile.
Fallen clumps of sprayed-on insulation, etc.

SPILL CONTAINMENT:
Take measures to prevent others from disturbing any
ACM spills until an Asbestos Abatement crew arrives.
By knowing where asbestos is likely to be located and
then taking measures not to disturb it, you will protect
yourself and others from exposure.
HOUSEKEEPING
Vacuuming:
HEPA-filtered equipment.
Used and emptied in a manner that minimizes reentry of
asbestos into the workplace.
Asbestos waste and contaminated articles

consigned for disposal:
Collected and disposed of in sealed, labeled,
impermeable bags or other containers.
Dust and debris in areas containing accessible

TSI or surfacing ACM/PACM or visibly
deteriorated ACM:
No dry sweeping or vacuuming without HEPA filters.
Prompt cleanup and disposal in leak-tight containers.
HOUSEKEEPING
Care of asbestos-containing flooring material
No sanding.
Stripping of finish only with low abrasion pads, speed
below 300 rpm, and wet methods.
Burning or dry buffing only on flooring with sufficient
finish so pad cannot contact flooring material.
HEPA
VACUUM
TIPS FOR USING CONTRACTORS

Remember, You Control Your Facility Or Area!
Review Their Procedures With Them Before Starting The Job!
Ensure They Are Properly Trained!
Determine Their Safety Performance Record!
Determine Who Is In Charge Of Their People!
Determine How They Will Affect Your Employees!
OSHA'S PERCEPTION
OF A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM
1. DETAILED WRITTEN HAZARD ASSESSMENTS.
2. DETAILED WRITTEN ASBESTOS USE PROCEDURES.
3. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS.
4. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF TRAINING.
5. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION.
6. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP.
WORK AT WORKING SAFELY

Training is the key to success in managing safety in
the work environment. Attitude is also a key factor
in maintaining a safe workplace. Safety is, and
always will be a team effort, safety starts with each
individual employee and concludes with everyone
leaving at the end of the day to rejoin their families.
Patricia A. Ice
Industrial Hygienist

Asbestos Awareness For Employees

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ASBESTOS SAFETY

AWARENESS TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES

CORPORATE SAFETY TRAINING

ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 1 OF 65

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ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 2 OF 65

ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 3 OF 65

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE

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ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 6 OF 65

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ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 8 OF 65

OSHA CIVIL PENALTIES POLICY

ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 9 OF 65

OSHA CIVIL PENALTIES POLICY

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OSHA CIVIL PENALTIES POLICY

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BEFORE MARCH, 1991:

ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 11 OF 65

GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

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ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 14 OF 65

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ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 16 OF 65

ASBESTOS SAFETY TRAINING IS

Reduce injury and illness rates.

Workers feel better about their work.

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ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 17 OF 65

SCOPE AND APPLICATION

Demolition or salvage of structure.

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ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 18 OF 65

Asbestos: Chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite asbestos,

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Class I Asbestos Work: Activities involving the removal of

ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 20 OF 65

AHERA: Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act, 40CFR 735

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Friable: Means that asbestos is easily crumbled by hand,

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PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS

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ASBESTOS SAFETY - SLIDE 23 OF 65

GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY

Ignitability Is Flammable or Combustible.

Can React With Itself or Other Materials.

Corrosivity Can Deteriorate Another Substance.