Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Human Failures
Errors (not intended)
Slips
Lapses
Mistakes
Violations (deliberate)
Routine
Situational
Exceptional
Human
Failures
Slips
Actions-not-as-planned
Examples:
Performing an action too soon in a procedure
Carrying out an action with too much or too little
strength (e.g. over-torquing a bolt)
Switching the wrong switch
Moving switch up rather than down
Carrying out the wrong check on the right item
Lapses
Mistakes
Doing the wrong thing, believing it to be
right
Consist of:
Rule-based
Knowledge-based
Routine Violations
Breaking the rule has become a normal way of
working within the work group. This can be due to:
Situational Violations
Breaking rule is due to pressures from the
job such as:
Exceptional Violations
Rarely happen and only then when
something has gone wrong
To solve a new problem you feel you need
to break a rule even though you are aware
that you will be taking a risk
Personality
Attitude
Motivation
Experience
Aptitude
Intelligence
Perception
Personality
The study of what makes each of us a
distinct person
Some characteristics are shared by all
human beings
Each person is different in some respects
Attitude
A persons point of view, or their way of
looking at something
Influences the way a person reacts in a
certain situation
Both good and bad attitudes are
contagious
Attitude Formation
Attitudes are primarily dependant on:
Early childhood
Schooling
Intelligence
Experiences
Progress (or the reverse)
Economics
Aptitude
A persons talent for doing something
Education should give knowledge and help
to form correct attitudes, while training and
practice are necessary for aptitude
Motivation
That which makes an individual act as they do their reason for doing something
A drive can be either:
Appetitive - towards something we want
Aversive - avoiding something unpleasant
Experience
With increasing experience we expect more
competence and an increase in ability to cope
with situations
However, there is a tendency to cut corners, as
shown in the graph:
Accident
Frequency
Age
Experience
Time
Intelligence
There needs to be enough mental stimulation,
but not too much
A person with low intelligence may find even a
routine, mundane job very taxing
If a person of high intelligence is set a mundane
task, he will probably employ himself in finding
new and less arduous, but not necessarily safer,
ways of completing a task
Perception of Danger
Factors involved in perception:
Signals from sensory receptors
Expected information from memory
Perceptual Set
Also called a mind set
When we have a problem, immediately we
perceive not only the problem, but the answer
Further evidence may become available
which sows our original perception to be
faulty, but we are so busy congratulating
ourselves on our intelligent solution that we
fail to see alternative causes & solutions
Perceptual Distortion
Perceptions get distorted
Things which are to our advantage always
tend to be more right than those which are
to our disadvantage
fatigue
overwork
overtime
stress from work and home