HOMEOSTASIS

dr. Hawin Nurdiana, M.Kes

WELLCOME TO PHYSIOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSIO = FUNCTION/FAAL
ATAU KERJA (sesuatu yg ada hub. dgn
mekanisme) & LOGY= LOGOS ILMU.
Ilmu faal: suatu ilmu yg mempelajari mekanisme
fungsionil regulatory system yg menjaga
secara optimal integritas internal environment
dlm menunjang proses kehidupan mahluk hidup
(the basic unit of living matter)

What is homeostasis?
maintaining the internal environment at a
constant level or between narrow limits
Blood pH is one aspect that must be
maintained at all times
What are some other examples?

Additional Concepts:
The internal environment of the
organism: mostly composed of the
extracellular fluid
The ECF includes
plasma
interstitial fluid

How does the organism stay

alive?
Organ systems work together to
maintain a relatively constant internal
environment to which the cells are
exposed
In other words: the organ systems
carry out homeostasis

INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM

MUSCULAR
SYSTEM

SKELETAL
SYSTEM

NERVOUS
SYSTEM

ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM

CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM

LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM

URINARY
SYSTEM

REPRODUCTION
SYSTEM

Mechanisms of Homeostasis
Sensory receptors
Detect stimulus
Integration
Selects response

Effector
Carry out response

Negative Feedback
Situation in which a change in a certain
direction provides information that causes
a system to change less in that direction

Maintenance of body temperature

Positive Feedback
Situation in which a change in a certain
direction provides information that causes a
system to change more in that direction
Childbirth
Hemostasis system
Potensial aksi syaraf

How does homeostasis work?

Feedback loops!
Rate of metabolic
chemical reactions

Positive feedback loop

Heat in body

Blood
temperature in
hypothalamus

Excess temperature
perceived by brain

Heat loss
from air
cooling skin
Negative feedback loop

Water level
homeostasis

Gas level homeostasis

Response to Heat
Sweating
Dilating Blood Vessels

Response to Cold
Environment
Shivering
Constriction of dermal
blood vessels

Thermoregulation in ectotherms

Regulation of glucose levels

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

Characteristics:
1.Time limitation
2.Intensification of stress

Typical Positive Feedback

Process

Stress

Intensifies

Sensor

Control Center

Effector

Homeostatic Regulation of Child Birth through

Positive Feedback
Uterine
contraction

Pressure of Fetus on
the Uterine Wall

Nerve endings in the uterine

wall carry afferent messages
to the Hypothalamus

Intensifies

Increasing strength of
uterine contractions

Production and Release

of Oxytocin into the
Blood

Feedback in Coagulation

Positive feedback mini-loops are built into pathway to speed up

production of chemicals needed to form the clot.

Potensial aksi
Jika terdapat rangsang pada sel syaraf (neuron)
akan menyebabkan perubahan permeabilitas
membran sarafaliran ion sodium (Na+) masuk
kedalam neuron menghasilkan respon
depolarisasi yang menyebabkan aliran masuk ion
Na+ lebih lanjut potensial aksi

Harmful Effects of Positive Feedback

Positive feedback can be harmful. Two specific
examples of these harmful outcomes would be:
1. Fever can cause a positive feedback within
homeostasis that pushes the body temperature
continually higher. If the temperature reaches 45
degrees centigrade (113 degrees Fahrenheit) cellular
proteins denature bringing metabolism to a stop
and death.
2. Chronic hypertension can favor the process of
atherosclerosis which causes the openings of blood
vessels to narrow. This, in turn, will intensify the
hypertension bring on more damage to the walls of
blood vessels.