RDROBLES RT,RN

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND

IMMUNITY
The Lymphatic System
 Includes the lymph, lymphatic vessels,
lymph nodes, lymphoid organs
(tonsils, spleen and thymus)
 Primary Functions:
 1. Maintains fluid homeostasis
 2. Absorbs lipids from the GIT
 3. Filters blood (spleen)
 4. Contains lymphocytes participating
in immunity
The Lymph
 Fluidsimilar to composition as
plasma
 Without RBC and less proteins

 Special Lymph from the GIT is

loaded with fats and is called
CHYLE
The Lymph vessels
 Carry fluid away from tissues
into the venous circulation
 These are NOT present in the
central nervous system, Bone
marrow, epidermis and
cartilage
 They resemble vein because
they have valves
3 mechanisms of
edema formation
 1. Decrease oncotic pressure
cirrhosis and kwashiorkor
 2. Increased hydrostatic
pressure CHF and prolonged
standing
 3. Lymphatic obstruction or
destruction filiariasis, lymph
node dissection
Lymphatic duct
 1. Right lymphatic duct-
drains the right side of the
head and the upper right
side of the thorax and the
right extremities
 2. Thoracic duct- drains the
rest of the body
The Lymphatic organs
1. Tonsils


 A. palatine

 B. pharyngeal

 C. lingual

 D. tubal
The lymphatic
2. Lymph nodes

organs
 Small round structures of lymphoid
tissue
 Major lymph nodes are the axillary,
 inguinal and cervical
 Filters lymph
 Activates the immune system
 Removes microorganisms from the
blood
The lymphoid
3. The spleen

organs
 Reddish, flat organ lying next to the 9th
and 10th rib in the left upper quadrant
 Functions:
 Repository of old RBC
 Activates the immune system
 Storage of Blood
 Sequesters bacteria
 MOST COMMONLY INJURED
 in BLUNT abdominal trauma
he lymphoid organs
4. Thymus


 Bilobed organ in the superior

mediastinum
 Lymphocytes from the bone marrow
mature and grow as T-lymphocytes
 Positive selection= T-cells that react to
foreign antigen are selected
 Negative selection= T-cells that do not
react to the self-antigen are selected
IMMUNITY
 Innate or Non-  Specific
specific Immunity
 1. Mechanical- skin,  1. Cellular
mucus, saliva,
urine Immunity- T-cell
 2. Chemical-
system
enzymes,  2. Humoral
lysozymes Immunity- B-
 3. Vascular Blood cell system
cells- Neutrophils
and macrophages
Non-specific Immunity
 Inflammatory response
 Reaction of the vacularized living tissues
to injury
 Classic signs:
 1. Rubor- redness
 2. Calor- heat
 3. Tumor- swelling
 4. Dolor- pain
 5. Functio laesa- loss of function

Inflammation
 Initial
reaction Vasoconstriction!
 VC VD VP (due to HISTAMINE)

 VD Redness and Heat

 VP Swelling

 Bradykinin, Prostaglandin,
compression of tissues pain
Specific Immunity: T
cell
 T-cells originate in the bone marrow and
mature in the thymus
 4 types of T-cells
 1. Cytotoxic T cells- kill infected ceels,
cancer cells and transplanted cells
 2. Helper T cells- help the humoral
immunity
 3. Suppressor T cells- suppress that
actions of cytotoxic and Helper cells
 4. Memory T cells- for recall and
specificity
Specific Immunity: B
cells
B cells are produced and
mature in the bone marrow
 B cells helped by Helper
cells turn into Plasma
cells secrete ANTIBODIES
ANTIBODIES
 Are proteins that can combine
with antigens and function
for:
 1. Opsonization

 2. Neutralization

 3. Activation of complement
system
ANTIBODIES types
 Five classes
 1. Ig M- priMary response,
pentaMer
 2. Ig G- secondary response, most
abundant, can cross placenta
 3. Ig A- secreted by the body
(sIgA)
 4. Ig D- receptor for B cells
 5. Ig E- allergic and parasitic
TYPES OF IMMUNITY
 1. Natural Immunity
Active natural
Passive natural
 2. Artificial Immunity
Active artificial
Passive artificial
Salamat!!!