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PATIENT
Ni Ketut Alit A
Nursing Faculty Airlangga University
Surabaya East Java
REFERENCES
TERMINOLOGY
Neoplasm
new plasmaabnormal tissue growth with
rapid growth
Benign
no metastasis
Malignant
local invasion and destructive growthwicked
Metastasis
spread form primary via lymphatic and/or
circulatory system
DEFINITIONS
1. Cancer is a disease of the cell
2. Large group of diseases characterized by:
a. Abnormal cell structure (no differentiation)
b. Uncontrolled growth (proliferation)
c. Ability to spread (metastasis)
d. Ability to invade normal tissue
SURGERY
Curative
Prophylactic
Diagnostic
Staging
Palliative
Adjuvant or Supportive
Reconstructive/Rehabilitative
RADIATION
Highest energy rays that can kill any cell or tissue
May be external source (brachytherapy)
Curative
Palliative
60% will receive XRT
Divided into doses or fractions
(Preserve normal cellular growth)
CHEMOTHERAPY
PRINCIPLES OF CANCER
TREATMENT
CURE
CONTROL
PALLIATION
GENITAL CANCER
Cervical
Endometrial
Ovarian
Testicular
Breast
CANCER BACKGROUND
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
MYELOSUPPRESSION
NEUTROPENIA
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
ANEMIA
NEUTROPENIA/LEUKOPENIA
Manifestations include
cough, SOB
PREVENTION
Management:
BC lines and peripheral, urine, sputum
Good physical assessment
Antibiotics immediately (broad spectrum
coverage)
Patient education
Vital signs at least every 4 hours or more
Assess for chills, cough, pain
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Assess
risk factors
chemotherapy
/ radiation
DIC
disease
infiltration
NSAID's
petechaie
hemorrhage
headaches,
confusion, somnolence
Management
Institute
Decrease
High
No
razors, nail clippers, douching, tampons, watersoluble lubricants, no flossing, guiac/hemocult, pad
counts
Maintain
SBP <140mm/Hg
No
Educate
for
chemotherapy
kidney
tumor
damage
infiltration
bleeding,
age,
hemorrhage
appetite
Management:
Oxygen
Iron
Transfusion
GI SYMPTOM
60% patients experience nausea and
vomiting, etc..
Patterns