Other

Types

of

LEARNING
Reported by:

Rhea F. Elquiero
BBTE 3-1

Albert Bandura

(Dec. 4,

1925- )
He is aCanadian psychologist
who is the David Starr Jordan Professor
Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology
atStanford University.He is known as the
originator ofsocial learning
theoryand the theoretical construct
ofself-efficacy, and is also responsible for
the influential 1961
Bobo doll experiment.

Social Learning Theory

Albert Bandura postulated social

learning theory as one learns with
other people in the social
environment in which he lives.
Individuals learn not only in the social
environment in which he lives.
Individuals learn not only through their
own direct experiences with repetition
and reward, but also by watching other
people s behavior.

Observational Learning
This is a process of learning
by watching other peoples
behavior. Through
observational learning, one can
profit from other experiences.

Bandura enumerated various learning mechanisms that

are essential in observational learning:

Attention
It is important that one pays
attention closely to what is
happening around him.

Bandura enumerated various learning mechanisms that

are essential in observational learning:

Retention
It is not only important to
attend closely to observed
behavior, but also to remember
it some later for use.

Bandura enumerated various learning mechanisms that

are essential in observational learning:

Ability to produce the

behavior

One must be capable of

doing the act.

Bandura enumerated various learning mechanisms that

are essential in observational learning:

Motivation
One is likely to imitate those he
sees are awarded for their
behavior, and whom he likes to
have similarities with one
values more.

Laws of Learning

Law of Readiness
This law emphasizes the need for
adequate motivation and
preparation of the learner by the
way of setting the proper mind-set
and fostering the level aspiration.
A motivated learners acquires
what he learns more readiness
than one who is not motivated.

Law of Exercise
This law adheres to the adage that
Practice Makes Perfect. The law
operates only directly through the
fact that practices permits the law
of exercise to operate through
repetition of correct responses.

Law of Effect
This is characterized by responses,
which are followed by satisfying after
effects to be learned and repeated.
This law states that if response is
awarded and the reward is satisfying
or pleasant, the learning connection is
strengthened; if the effects are
unpleasant and annoying, the
connection is weakened.

Other Laws of
Learning with

Pedagogical
Relevance

Law of Apperception
Proposed by Johann Friedrich
Herbart. Apperception is
characterized by a clear
perception in which their
recognition of relationships
between what is presented and
existing body of knowledge.

Law of Association
Proposed by Kant. Learning takes
place through the connection and
functional relationship between
two psychological phenomena
established by means of
experience.

Law of Belongingness
Proposed by Edward Thorndike.
Associations are easily formed if
they belong or a part of related
stimuli that excite an organism to
functional activity.

Law of Intensity
Proposed by E. H. Carr. This
asserts that the strength of any
behavior or experience has a
corresponding relation or
connection to learning.

Law of Forgetting
Proposed by Hermann
Ebbinghaus. This law which is
related to the law of disuse
maintains that the ability to
reproduce or to remember what
has been previously learned in
direct proportion to the
opportunities to use or put those