REAL NUMBERS

BY-1. DHAVAL BAFNA-10D-10

2. TARUN TEJA-10D-27
3. PAVAN SAI TEJA-10D-23

Topics

History of Real numbers

Euclids lemma and Remarks
Contribution of mathematican to Real numbers
Two important applications of division lemma.
DETERMINING THE DECIMAL EXPANSION
RELATON BETWEEN HCF AND LCM OF 3 REAL
NUMBERS.
Finding HCF and LCM for two different numbers
Relation between HCF and LCM of any two real
numbers
Hcf word problem

History of Real numbers

Real Numbershave been used by

theEgyptiansaround 1000BC; theVedic"Sulba
Sutras" ("The rules of chords") in,c.600 BC, include
what may be the first "use" ofirrational numbers.
The concept of irrationality was implicitly accepted
by earlyIndian mathematicians
sinceManava(c.750690 BC), who were aware that
thesquare rootsof certain numbers such as 2 and 61
could not be exactly determined. [2]Around 500BC,
theGreek mathematiciansled byPythagorasrealized
the need for irrational numbers, in particular the
irrationality of thesquare root of 2

Euclids lemma and

Remarks

Euclids division lemma, states that for any

two positive integers a and b we can find
two whole numbers q and r such that a =
b q + r where 0 r < b.
Euclids division lemma can be used to find
the highest common factor of any two
positive integers and to show the common
properties of numbers.

Remarks
Euclids division lemma and algorithm are
so closely interlinked that people often
call former as the division algorithm also.
Although Euclids Division Algorithm is
stated for only positive integers, it can be
extended for all integers except zero, i.e.,
b 0. However, we shall not discuss this

Contribution of mathematican
to real numbers

There are no specific mathematican who

have contributed to real numbers.
Egyptians created the first chipered
numeral system around 3,400 BC. Then
followed by the Greeks by mapping their
counting numbers onto Ionian and Doric
alphabets. Well numbers mean many
things: counting, or spoken values, or
written values and lastly structured
standardized written numbering

Two important applications of

division lemma.

Finding LCM and HCF OF POSITIVE INTEGERS.

IN Order to find the HCF and LCM of two or more

positive integers ,we may use the following
algorithm.
Step 1: factories each of the given numbers and
express them as powers of primes in ascending
order of primes.
Step 2: to find HCF ,identify common prime factors,
we should raise these common prime factors to
smallest exponents and multiply them to get HCF.

Applications
To find the lcm list all prime factors occurring in the prime
factorization of the numbers.
For each of these factors ,find the greatest exponent and
raise each prime to the greatest exponent and multiply
them to get the LCM.

Example
Find the HCF and lcm of 90 and 144 by prime factorization
method.
90=2X3X3X5 and 144=2X2X2X2X3X3
common prime factor
least exponent
2
1
3
2
HCF=2X3X3=2X9=18

Example
To find lcm
prime factors of 90 and 144 greatest
exponent
2
3
5
LCM =2X2X2X2X3X3X5=16X9X5=720

4
2
1

DETERMINING THE DECIMAL EXPANSION.

IN this we can explore exactly when the

decimal expansion of a rational number is
terminating or non terminating.
example
0.875=875/1000
1.512=1512/1000

Finding HCF and LCM for two

different numbers

HCF : 65 and 117

117=65X1+52
LCM : 12 and 80
12=2X2X3
80= 2X2X2X2X5
2X2X2X2X3X5 = 240

Finding HCF and LCM for three

different numbers
22,42,82
22= 2X11
42= 2X7X3
82= 2X41
2 is a common factor
HCF = 2
LCM=2X7X3X11X41 = 14X33X41
LCM = 18942

Relation between HCF and LCM

of any two real numbers

510 and 92
510 = 2X3X5X17
92 = 2X2X23
LCM 510,92=2X2X3X5X17
HCF = 510 = 2X3X5X17
HCF 510,92 = 2
LCMXHCF = 2X2X2X3X5X17 =
2040X23=46920
510X92 = 46920

RELATON BETWEEN HCF AND

LCM OF 3 REAL NUMBERS.
a=2X3X5=30
b=3X2X2=12
C=2
HENCE
aXbXc=30X12X2=720
L.C.M=2X2X3X5=60
H.C.F=2
L.C.MX(H.C.F)^2=60X2X2=240
axbxc
(L.C.M)X(H.C.F)^2

Hcf word problem

A cloth merchant has a cloth of length 121 meter and other of

length 77 meter which he wishes to cut into strips of equal length.
How many meters long strips should he cut so that he gets strips
of equal length as long as possible.
Solution:
Here, it is asked to cut into equal strips. We need to find the GCF to
solve this.
Prime factorization of 121 is given as follows:
121 = 11 x11
Prime factorization of 77 is given as follows:
77 = 7 x 11
Greatest common factor of 121 and 77 is 11.
Therefore, merchant should cut both cloths into 11-meter long
strips.