PORTFOLIO

of BIOLOGICAL
CELL
BY LEKSHMI

Topic:

BIOLOGICAL CELL

OBJECTIVES
HISTORY OF CELL
CELL STRUCTURE
PROKARYOTIC CELL
EUKARYOTIC CELL

HISTORY OF CELL

First Cells Seen in Cork

The cell was first discovered and named by Robert

Hooke in 1665 but it was a dead cell.

The first man to witness a live cell under a

microscope was Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who in
1674 described the algae Spirogyra. Van
Leeuwenhoek probably also saw bacteria

Formulation of the Cell Theory

1. The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and
organization in living things.
2. The cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity
and a building block in the construction of organisms.
3. Cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the
formation of crystals (spontaneous generation).

Modern Cell Theory

1. All known living things are made up of cells.

2. The cell is structural & functional unit of all living

things.
3.All cells come from pre-existing cells by division.
(Spontaneous Generation does not occur).
4.Cells contains hereditary information which is passed
from cell to cell during cell division.
5.All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition.
6.All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life
occurs within cells.

Cell Structure
Two types of cells
1.
2.

PROKARYOTIC CELL
EUKARYOTIC CELL

PROKARYOTIC CELL

EUKARYOTIC CELL

Subcellular components
All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, have a membrane
that envelops the cell, regulates what moves in and out
(selectively permeable), and maintains the electric potential of
the cell. Inside the membrane, a salty cytoplasm takes up most
of the cell's volume. All cells (except red blood cells which lack
a cell nucleus and most organelles to accommodate maximum
space for hemoglobin) possess DNA, the hereditary material of
genes, and RNA, containing the information necessary to build
various proteins such as enzymes, the cell's primary machinery.
There are also other kinds of biomolecules in cells. This article
lists these primary components of the cell, then briefly
describes their function.

Organelles
Organelles are parts of the cell which are adapted and/or
specialized for carrying out one or more vital functions,
analogous to the organs of the human body (such as the heart,
lung, and kidney, with each organ performing a different
function). Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have
organelles, but prokaryotic organelles are generally simpler
and are not membrane-bound.
There are several types of organelles in a cell. Some (such as
the nucleus and golgi apparatus) are typically solitary, while
others (such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes and
lysosomes) can be numerous (hundreds to thousands). The
cytosol is the gelatinous fluid that fills the cell and surrounds
the organelles.

THANK YOU
BY LEKSHMI