STUDY OF COAL BASED

THERMAL POWER PLANT

M EEN A K S H I D AYA L
ELEC TR IC A L EN G IN EER IN G
1010420029
K .N .I.T, S U LTA N P U R .

O VERVIEW
1. Comparison of power generation by source
2. About UPRVUNL
3. Majjor thermal power projects under

UPRVUNL
4. About PTPS
5. Generating units at PTPS
6. Layout of thermal power plant
7. Various divisions of PTPS
8. Water Treatment Plant
9. Coal Handling Plant
10.Control And Instrumentation Division

CO M PARISO N O F PO W ER
G EN ERATIO N BY SO U RCE

ABO U T U PRVU N L
UPRVUNL is wholly owned state

thermal power utility with present

generating capacity of 4683 MW,
operating 5 Thermal Power Stations
within Uttar Pradesh.
Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidyut Utpadan
Nigam Limited (UPRVUNL) was
constituted on dated 25.08.1980
under the Companies' Act 1956 for
construction of new thermal power

M A JO R TH ER M A L P O W ER
P R O JEC TS U N D ER U P R V U N L
NAME OF POWER

INSTALLED CAPACITY

DERATED CAPACITY

TOTAL CAPACITY

3X210 MW

3X210 MW=630MW

1630 MW

2X500 MW

2X500 MW=1000MW

2X50 MW

2X50 MW=100MW

2X100 MW

2X94 MW=188 MW

5X200 MW

5X200 MW=1000 MW

PANKI,KANPUR

2X110 MW

2X105 MW

210 MW

PARICHA,JHANSI

2X110 MW

2X110 MW=220 MW

1140 MW

2X210 MW

2X210 MW=420 MW

2X250 MW

2X250 MW=500 MW

1X60 MW

1X60 MW=60 MW

1X110 MW

1X105 MW=105 MW

1X250 MW

1X250 MW=250 MW

STATION
ANPARA,SONEBHADRA

OBRA,SONEBHADRA

HARDUAGANJ,ALIGARH

TOTAL UPRVUNL

GENERATION CAPACITY

1288 MW

415 MW

4683 MW

ABO U T PTPS
Plant Location:
It is in district Kanpur about 15 km from

Kanpur railway station on Kalpi road.

All the units of this station are coal
fired thermal power plants, having a
total generating capacity of 210 MW
and consists of following units.
S No.

RAW MATERIAL

SOURCE

Water

Lower Ganga Canal

Coal

Jharia Mines Of Coal India Ltd

Petroleum products

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd

G enerating U nits A t Panki

Therm al P ow er Station:
Stage

Units
No.

Installed
Capacity

Derated
Capacity

Original
Equipment
Manufacturers

01

32 MW

DELETED

02

32 MW

DELETED

105 MW

M/s Bharat Heavy

Electricals
Limited.

105 MW

M/s Bharat Heavy

Electricals
Limited.

03

110 MW

II
04

110 MW

Layout of Therm al P ow er
P lant:

Various D ivisions P TP S
1. Water Treatment Plant (WTP)
2. Coal Handling Division (CHD)
3. Turbine Maintenance Division (TMD
4. Electrical Maintenance Division
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

(EMD)
Control and Instrumentation
Division (C & I) Civil Maintenance
Division
Operation General Division (OG 1)
Operation General Division (OG 2)
Store and Purchase Division
Transportation Division

W ATER TR EATM EN T P LA N T
Water from canal cant be directly used in boiler for
thermal electricity generation. Water is converted into
steam at high pressure & this steam forces the
turbine to rotate. The mechanical energy of turbine is
converted into electrical energy and hence the
electricity is generated. Therefore water is the basic
requirement to the thermal power plant.
Necessity of Water Treatment:Natural water contains solid ,liquid &
gaseous impurities and therefore
cannot be used for generation of
steam in the boiler. So the impurities
should be removed before its used
for generation of steam.

D iagram of W .T.P at P TP S

EQ U IP M EN TS U SED
1. Flocculator Plant: Here alum ,bleaching powder and

2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.

limestone are added to remove temporary hardness

and heavier particles.
Sand Filter: remove other suspended particles, if any.
Activated Carbon Filter: for removal of bacteria and
organic material. It uses anthracite (coal) for filter.
Degasser: Here gasses like CO2, O2 & H2 are removed.
Cation Exchanger :ions are absorbed by an ion
exchanger method. HCl & resin(-) are the principle
ingredient of chemical filters present here. Water
becomes acidic due to addition of H+ ion.
Anion Exchanger:- (-)ions are absorbed carefully by
formulated rasins (+).
Mixed Ion Exchanger:-Here remaining (-)ions are
extracted, through rasin.

CO AL H AN D LIN G PLAN T
Crusher House:-After hand picking foreign material, coal is

transported to the crush house by conveyor belts where it is

crushed to small pieces of about 20 mm diameter. The
crushed coal is then transported to the store yard. Coal is
transported to bowl mills by coal feeders.
Ball Mill: Coal is grounded to a powder form. Coal is crushed
by the crushing actions between the rollers and rotating
tables.
PULVERIZER: The coal is next pulverized into a very fine
powder, so that coal will undergo complete combustion
during combustion process.
Dryers: used in order to remove the excess moisture from
coal as the presence of moisture will result in fall in efficiency
due to incomplete combustion and also result in
COemission.
Magnetic separators: remove the unwanted iron particles
which may result in wear and tear.
Finally coal is transferred to the storage site

STO RAG E
1. Live Storage (boiler room

storage):Storage from which coal may be

withdrawn to supply combustion equipment
with little or no remanding is live storage.It
consists of about 24 to 30 hrs. of coal
requirements of the plant.provided with
bunkers & coal bins. Bunkers have enough
capacity to store the requisite of coal. From
bunkers coal is transferred to the boiler grates.
2. Dead storage:-stored for future use. Mainly
it is for longer period of time, and it is also
mandatory to keep a backup of fuel for
specified amount of days depending on the
reputation of the company and its connectivity.

W O RKIN G O F CH P
COAL
HOPPE
R

CHIMNEY
STACK
PRECIPITATOR

COAL
CONVEYOR

FORCED
DRAFT FAN

INDUCED
DRAFT
FAN

Pulverized coal-fi
red boiler
It is a boilerthat generatesthermal energyby

burningpulverized (powdered)coal.
Whole volume of thefurnace is used for the
combustion of solid fuels.
How it works:
coal is made fine enough so that it burns easily and
efficiently. Feeding rate of coal is controlled by
computers. Pieces of coal are fed into the pulverizer
along with air heated to about 650 degrees F from
the boiler.
Powdered coal from the pulverizer is directly blown
to a burner in the boiler. The burner mixes the
powdered coal in the air suspension with additional
pre-heated combustion air and forces it out of a
nozzle.

CO N TRO L AN D
IN STRU
M EN TATI
N
This
is the backbone
of O
a thermal
power plant.
Various parameters in various auxiliaries are
controlled from here.
The equipments are very sensitive and can
even pick up minute disturbances.
Automatic control compares the
actual value of the plant output
with the desired value, determines
the deviation and produces control
signal which will reduce the
deviation to zero or a small value.

VARIO U S IN STRU M EN TS
Boiler Drum: The light continuously indicates the boiler drum

steam and water level. When the level goes in the danger region,
an alarm is activated.
Feeding Desk: On this panel the knobs are available for the
operations. Steam dust collectors are measured in these stages.
The boiler pressure is indicated by corresponding dial. When the
boiler steam reaches the super-heated and attains a temperature
of 485o C. This steam is released to turbines. A temperature
higher than the allowed value is indicated by an alarm.
A control panel also indicates pressure in the boiler tube. There
is also a coal burner control. For initial firing we require coal
temperature of 800-1000o C. The primary air fan controls the
pressure of air.
Pulverized coal feeding desk: When vapour is fully open, the
pulverized coal feeder will start otherwise pipe line will be
heated.
Furnace draft control desk: by this vacuum and air quantity is
maintained quick closing valve are opened.

Turbo Supervisory
Equipm
ents
Vibration:
Vibratory
picks up are to pick up the
vibrations and then amplified.
M.P. Expansion: Differential expansion of stator frame
is observed at turbo supervisory equipment because if
it is more than the maximum, they break up.
Eccentricity: Since the rotor moves at a very high
speed of about 2900 rpm to 3000 rpm, due to
impinging of steam at high temperature, the expansion
of rotor takes place. This is called eccentricity.
Bearing Temperature: Bearings are made of those
metals, which melt at 100o C. Therefore allowable
temperature is 7.5o C. Platinum resistance
thermometers are used. The oil pressure is maintained
at 35 kg/cm 2 at the header and a pressure of 15.8
kg/cm 2 at ball bearing.

TH AN K
YO U !
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QUERIES ???