Overview OF MULTI

Mega Watt WIND

TURBINES and wind
parks

Submitted to :
Rinki keswani

Submitted by :
Aayush patidar

CONTENTS
Introduction
Wind Turbine System Overview

a. Conventional
Generators
b.Control systems
c. Energy storage and
power smoothing

Power-Converter Topologies
Park Connection Systems
Grid Connection Issues
Conclusion
References

INTRODUCTION
Energy crisis
Importance of renewable energy resources like
Electricity can be produced from wind energy by
Multi MW wind turbines
Wind turbines can be constructed offshore or
onshore
High wind energy potential of offshore wind parks

conventional generators
Doubly Fed Induction Generators
(DFIG)
Squirrel Cage Induction
Generators (SCIG)
Synchronous Generators (SG)

Doubly Fed Induction Generators

Widely used for variable speed generation
Reduced power converters rated 30% of nominal
power
Stator is directly connected to the grid
Speed range is limited and slip rings are required to
connect the converter
Gearbox combined mechanism is required
Fault handling capacity is poor

Squirrel Cage Induction Generators

SCIGs are of robust construction and mechanically
stable
Rotor consist of metallic bars, resistant to dirt and
vibration
Two full scale power converters are required
Fault current is limited by grid side converter
Variable speed operation cannot be obtained
using reduced size power converters
Cannot be used in direct-driven WECS

Synchronous Generators
Most efficient Synchronous Generator is direct
drive PMSG
They have lesser power losses
Noise reduction is achieved as gear boxes are
eliminated
For offshore applications increased oil spills from
gear boxes are eliminated
More reliable
Cost , weight and size is more than DFIGs

CONTROL System
Electrical control system
Supply of active/reactive power to the grid
Overload protection

Mechanical Control System

Power limitation with pitch adjustment
Maximum energy capture
Speed limitation
Reduction of acoustical noise

ENERGY STORAGE & POWER

SMOOTHING
Wind speed variability produce unacceptable
variations on the power
Power smoothing is done by supplying a
compensating power
Pc from an energy
storage system

Pgrid = Pw +

Pc

Energy storage may be based on flywheels,

super capacitors, lead acid batteries etc..

POWER Converter topologies

POWER CONVERTORS FOR DFIG

A back to back converter with converter bridges

are used

CONVERTERS FOR OTHER GENERATORS

Full power converters or full scale converters are
used.

A parallel array of Converter modules are

used for
reliable power output

PARK CONNECTION SYSTEM

1) Parallel Connection
2) Series Connection
3) Cluster Connection

Parallel connection of turbines

Figure shows a parallel connected offshore wind

park in which a high voltage power converter is
employed

 Conventional scheme in which turbines are

connected to a low voltage grid
A high power transformer is needed to increase
voltage to transmission level
High voltage DC transmission is employed with
the help of converters
Advantages :
More reliable
Can be used for both DC and AC
offshore grids

 Drawbacks :
Weight is more and thus offshore platforms
needed
Investment cost is high
Lesser efficiency due to losses in low
voltage offshore
grid voltage power
Introduction
of medium
conversion systems in WT can eliminate
transformers and increase efficiency.

SERIES CONNECTION OF
TURBINES

The figure shows a series connected offshore WECS

which employs HVDC transmission

 Output of each wind turbine is converted to

DC and then connected in series via
HVDC(High Voltage DC) cables
Advantages :
Requires lesser cables and investment cost
High power transformers are not needed
Least losses in transmission lines and
offshore grid since HVDC is transmitted

 Drawbacks :
Losses in power electronic converters
Variation in wind velocity will cause variation
in output
Less reliable

Cluster connection of wind turbines

Figure shows the cluster connection of wind turbines

which holds the advantages of both series and parallel
arrays compromising between reliability and
efficiency.

GRID CONNECTION ISSUES

1. HARMONICS
At control level modulation techniques and
harmonic controllers are used
At hardware level filters are used
Introduction of filters may cause stability
problems
2.FAULTS/UNBALANCES
May create negative sequence components in
voltages or currents
Reduces life span of generation system
Controlled by connecting generator stator to grid
using full power converters

CONCLUSION
Most adopted generator system is DFIG
equipped with a back to back converter since
less weight and cost
For large wind energy systems, direct drive
PMSGs are preferred due to better reliability and
efficiency
Full power converters can reduce the effects
of grid voltage unbalances in the generator
For offshore wind parks, cluster connection
combines the advantages of both series and
parallel connections

References
A.Mogstad, M.Molinas, P.Olsen and R.Nilsen, A Power
Conversion System for offshore wind parks, IEEE
transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol 58, no.4, Nov
2008
Kaigui Xie, Zefu Jiang and Wenyuan Li, Effect of Wind
Speed on Turbine Power Converter Reliability Wind,
IEEE transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol 27, no.1,
March 2012
B.Rabelo and W.Hofman, Control of an Optimised
power flow in wind power plants with doubly fed
induction generators, IEEE on Power Electronics, June
2003